The procedure of tossing quantum coins and dice is described. This case is an important example of a quantum procedure because it presents a typical framework employed in quantum information processing and quantum computing. The emphasis is on the clarification of the difference between quantum and classical conditional probabilities. These probabilities are designed for characterizing different systems, either quantum or classical, and they, generally, cannot be reduced to each other. Thus the Lders probability cannot be treated as a generalization of the classical conditional probability. The analogies between quantum theory of measurements and quantum decision theory are elucidated.

描述了掷量子硬币和骰子的过程。这个案例是量子过程的一个重要例子，因为它展示了一个用于量子信息处理和量子计算的典型框架。重点是澄清量子和经典条件概率之间的差异。这些概率是为表征不同系统而设计的，无论是量子系统还是经典系统，它们通常不能相互简化。因此，Lders 概率不能被视为经典条件概率的推广。阐明了量子测量理论和量子决策理论之间的类比。