Identifying RR Lyrae Variable Stars in Six Years of the Dark Energy Survey,The Astrophysical Journal

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Identifying RR Lyrae Variable Stars in Six Years of the Dark Energy Survey
The Astrophysical Journal ( IF 4.8 ) Pub Date : 2021-04-22 , DOI: 10.3847/1538-4357/abe873
K. M. Stringer ₁ , A. Drlica-Wagner _{2,

3,

4} , L. Macri ₁ , C. E. Martnez-Vzquez ₅ , A. K. Vivas ₅ , P. Ferguson ₁ , A. B. Pace ₆ , A. R. Walker ₅ , E. Neilsen ₂ , K. Tavangar _{3,

4} , W. Wester ₂ , T. M. C. Abbott ₅ , M. Aguena _{7,

8} , S. Allam ₂ , D. Bacon ₉ , K. Bechtol ₁₀ , E. Bertin _{11,

12} , D. Brooks ₁₃ , D. L. Burke _{14,

15} , A. Carnero Rosell _{16,

17} , M. Carrasco Kind _{18,

19} , J. Carretero ₂₀ , M. Costanzi _{21,

22} , M. Crocce _{23,

24} , L. N. da Costa _{8,

25} , M. E. S. Pereira ₂₆ , J. De Vicente ₂₇ , S. Desai ₂₈ , H. T. Diehl ₂ , P. Doel ₁₃ , I. Ferrero ₂₉ , J. Garca-Bellido ₃₀ , E. Gaztanaga _{23,

24} , D. W. Gerdes _{26,

31} , D. Gruen _{14,

15,

32} , R. A. Gruendl _{18,

19} , J. Gschwend _{8,

25} , G. Gutierrez ₂ , S. R. Hinton ₃₃ , D. L. Hollowood ₃₄ , K. Honscheid _{35,

36} , B. Hoyle _{37,

38,

39} , D. J. James ₄₀ , K. Kuehn _{41,

42} , N. Kuropatkin ₂ , T. S. Li _{43,

44} , M. A. G. Maia _{8,

25} , J. L. Marshall ₁ , F. Menanteau _{18,

19} , R. Miquel _{20,

45} , R. Morgan ₁₀ , R. L. C. Ogando _{8,

25} , A. Palmese _{2,

3} , F. Paz-Chinchn _{19,

46} , A. A. Plazas ₄₃ , A. Roodman _{14,

15} , E. Sanchez ₂₇ , M. Schubnell ₂₆ , S. Serrano _{23,

24} , I. Sevilla-Noarbe ₂₇ , M. Smith ₄₇ , M. Soares-Santos ₂₆ , E. Suchyta ₄₈ , G. Tarle ₂₆ , D. Thomas ₉ , C. To _{14,

15,

32} , T. N. Varga _{38,

39} , R. D. Wilkinson ₄₉ , Y. Zhang ₂

Affiliation

George P. and Cynthia Woods Mitchell Institute for Fundamental Physics and Astronomy, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA
Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, P.O. Box 500, Batavia, IL 60510, USA
Kavli Institute for Cosmological Physics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
Department of Astronomy and Astrophysics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
Cerro Tololo Inter-American Observatory, NSF’s National Optical-Infrared Astronomy Research Laboratory, Casilla 603, La Serena, Chile
Department of Physics, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA 15312, USA
Departamento de Fsica Matemtica, Instituto de Fsica, Universidade de So Paulo, CP 66318, So Paulo, SP, 05314-970, Brazil
Laboratrio Interinstitucional de e-Astronomia—LIneA, Rua Gal. Jos Cristino 77, Rio de Janeiro, RJ-20921-400, Brazil
Institute of Cosmology and Gravitation, University of Portsmouth, Portsmouth, PO1 3FX, UK
Physics Department, 2320 Chamberlin Hall, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1150 University Avenue, Madison, WI 53706-1390, USA
CNRS, UMR 7095, Institut d’Astrophysique de Paris, F-75014, Paris, France
Sorbonne Universits, UPMC Univ Paris 06, UMR 7095, Institut d’Astrophysique de Paris, F-75014, Paris, France
Department of Physics & Astronomy, University College London, Gower Street, London, WC1E 6BT, UK
Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics & Cosmology, P.O. Box 2450, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA
Instituto de Astrofisica de Canarias, E-38205 La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain
Universidad de La Laguna, Dpto. Astrofsica, E-38206 La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain
Department of Astronomy, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 1002 W. Green Street, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
National Center for Supercomputing Applications, 1205 West Clark Street, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
Institut de Fsica d’Altes Energies (IFAE), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Campus UAB, E-08193 Bellaterra (Barcelona) Spain
INAF-Osservatorio Astronomico di Trieste, via G.B. Tiepolo 11, I-34143 Trieste, Italy
Institute for Fundamental Physics of the Universe, Via Beirut 2, I-34014 Trieste, Italy
Institut d’Estudis Espacials de Catalunya (IEEC), E-08034 Barcelona, Spain
Institute of Space Sciences (ICE, CSIC), Campus UAB, Carrer de Can Magrans, s/n, E-08193 Barcelona, Spain
Observatrio Nacional, Rua Gal. Jos Cristino 77, Rio de Janeiro, RJ—20921-400, Brazil
Department of Physics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, 48109, USA
Centro de Investigaciones Energticas, Medioambientales y Tecnolgicas (CIEMAT), Madrid, Spain
Department of Physics, IIT Hyderabad, Kandi, Telangana 502285, India
Institute of Theoretical Astrophysics, University of Oslo, P.O. Box 1029 Blindern, NO-0315 Oslo, Norway
Instituto de Fisica Teorica UAM/CSIC, Universidad Autonoma de Madrid, E-28049 Madrid, Spain
Department of Astronomy, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
Department of Physics, Stanford University, 382 Via Pueblo Mall, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
School of Mathematics and Physics, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
Santa Cruz Institute for Particle Physics, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA
Center for Cosmology and Astro-Particle Physics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
Department of Physics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
Faculty of Physics, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universitt, Scheinerstr. 1, D-81679 Munich, Germany
Max Planck Institute for Extraterrestrial Physics, Giessenbachstrasse, D-85748 Garching, Germany
Universitts-Sternwarte, Fakultt fr Physik, Ludwig-Maximilians Universitt Mnchen, Scheinerstr. 1, D-81679 Mnchen, Germany
Center for Astrophysics ∣ Harvard & Smithsonian, 60 Garden Street, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
Australian Astronomical Optics, Macquarie University, North Ryde, NSW 2113, Australia
Lowell Observatory, 1400 Mars Hill Rd, Flagstaff, AZ 86001, USA
Department of Astrophysical Sciences, Princeton University, Peyton Hall, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA
Observatories of the Carnegie Institution for Science, 813 Santa Barbara Street, Pasadena, CA 91101, USA
Instituci Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avanats, E-08010 Barcelona, Spain
Institute of Astronomy, University of Cambridge, Madingley Road, Cambridge CB3 0HA, UK
School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Southampton, Southampton, SO17 1BJ, UK
Computer Science and Mathematics Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37831, USA
Department of Physics and Astronomy, Pevensey Building, University of Sussex, Brighton, BN1 9QH, UK

We present a search for RR Lyrae stars using the full six-year data set from the Dark Energy Survey covering ∼5000 deg² of the southern sky. Using a multistage multivariate classification and light-curve template-fitting scheme, we identify RR Lyrae candidates with a median of 35 observations per candidate. We detect 6971 RR Lyrae candidates out to ∼335 kpc, and we estimate that our sample is >70% complete at ∼150 kpc. We find excellent agreement with other wide-area RR Lyrae catalogs and RR Lyrae studies targeting the Magellanic Clouds and other Milky Way satellite galaxies. We fit the smooth stellar halo density profile using a broken-power-law model with fixed halo flattening (q = 0.7), and we find strong evidence for a break at ${R}_{0}={32.1}_{-0.9}^{+1.1}\,\mathrm{kpc}$ with an inner slope of ${n}_{1}=-{2.54}_{-0.09}^{+0.09}$ and an outer slope of ${n}_{2}=-{5.42}_{-0.14}^{+0.13}$ . We use our catalog to perform a search for Milky Way satellite galaxies with large sizes and low luminosities. Using a set of simulated satellite galaxies, we find that our RR Lyrae-based search is more sensitive than those using resolved stellar populations in the regime of large (r _h ≳ 500 pc), low-surface-brightness dwarf galaxies. A blind search for large, diffuse satellites yields three candidate substructures. The first can be confidently associated with the dwarf galaxy Eridanus II. The second has a distance and proper motion similar to the ultrafaint dwarf galaxy Tucana II but is separated by ∼5 deg. The third is close in projection to the globular cluster NGC 1851 but is ∼10 kpc more distant and appears to differ in proper motion.

中文翻译：

在六年的暗能量调查中识别天琴座 RR 变星

我们使用来自暗能量调查的完整六年数据集展示了对天琴座 RR 恒星的搜索，该数据集覆盖了南部天空约 5000 度角²。使用多阶段多元分类和光曲线模板拟合方案，我们确定了 RR Lyrae 候选者，每个候选者有 35 个观察值的中位数。我们检测到 6971 个 RR Lyrae 候选者，达到 ~335 kpc，我们估计我们的样本在 ~150 kpc 时完成了 >70%。我们发现与其他广域天琴座 RR 目录和针对麦哲伦星云和其他银河系卫星星系的 RR 天琴座研究非常吻合。我们使用具有固定光晕扁平化 ( q = 0.7)的断幂律模型拟合平滑的恒星光晕密度剖面，并且我们找到 ${R}_{0}={32.1}_{-0.9}^{+1.1}\,\mathrm{kpc}$ 了内斜率为 ${n}_{1}=-{2.54}_{-0.09}^{+0.09}$ 和的外斜率 ${n}_{2}=-{5.42}_{-0.14}^{+0.13}$ 。我们使用我们的目录来搜索具有大尺寸和低光度的银河系卫星星系。使用一组模拟卫星星系，我们发现我们基于 RR Lyrae 的搜索比在大型 ( r _h ≳ 500 pc)、低表面亮度矮星系区域中使用已解析恒星群的搜索更敏感。对大型漫射卫星的盲目搜索会产生三个候选子结构。第一个可以确信与矮星系波江二号有关。第二个具有类似于超微弱矮星系 Tucana II 的距离和自行运动，但相距约 5 度。第三个在投影上接近球状星团 NGC 1851，但距离更远约 10 kpc，并且似乎在自行不同。

更新日期：2021-04-22

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