Sodium-ion batteries offer a low-cost sustainable alternative to current lithium-ion batteries and can be made on the same manufacturing lines. The sustainability arises from the low cost, reduction in the use of critical elements and strategic materials, and potential long-life. To maximize their potential, higher energy density batteries are required, this can be achieved in part through the stabilization of higher voltage cathode materials. In this review we summarize the failure and degradation processes associated with the high capacity and higher voltage layered oxide cathode materials. Material crystal structure rearrangements, electrolyte oxidation, particle cracking and reactive surfaces form most of the degradation mechanisms. Strategies to overcome these processes are discussed in detail, and the synergistic requirements to stabilize the materials structure and the interfaces highlighted. The importance of surface engineering in future materials design is emphasized.

钠离子电池是目前锂离子电池的低成本可持续替代品，并且可以在相同的生产线上制造。可持续性源于低成本、减少关键元素和战略材料的使用以及潜在的长寿命。为了最大限度地发挥其潜力，需要更高能量密度的电池，这可以部分通过更高电压阴极材料的稳定性来实现。在这篇综述中，我们总结了与高容量和更高电压层状氧化物正极材料相关的失效和退化过程。材料晶体结构重排、电解质氧化、粒子开裂和反应表面形成了大多数降解机制。详细讨论了克服这些过程的策略，以及稳定材料结构和界面的协同要求。强调了表面工程在未来材料设计中的重要性。