Gall induction is one of the main life strategies of endophagous insects, which serves to provide food and protection against natural enemies. It is proposed that gall size is one of the most important traits in the life history of the inducer insect, since a balance exists between the protection afforded by the gall and exposure to natural enemies. The aims of this study were first to describe the trophic interactions between E. xanthochaeta and its native parasitoids on a new host plant Lippia myriocephala, and then to assess the relationships between gall size, location on the plant architecture and parasitism rates. A community of seven native parasitoid morphospecies was found, representing 22.2% of the overall parasitism, highlighting two wasp species, Torymus sp. (Torymidae) and Pteromalinae (Pteromalidae) as the most abundant. Gall size exhibited significant variations related to their distribution within the plant architecture, with a gradual reduction in size found from the main stem toward the peripheral branches. Such differences were associated with an increase in parasitized pupae and smaller galls were found to be more susceptible to parasitoid attack. Parasitism rates revealed that Torymus sp. uses a broader gall size range than Pteromalinae, and we hypothesized that such variations may be related to certain morphological traits of the parasitoids such as ovipositor length, since the former presents an ovipositor nearly four times longer than the latter. Thus, we infer that growth of bigger galls reduced the likelihood of parasitism of the flies.

胆汁感应是内吞性昆虫的主要生活策略之一，可提供食物并防御天敌。提出胆汁大小是诱导昆虫生活史上最重要的特征之一，因为在胆汁提供的保护和暴露于天敌之间存在平衡。这项研究的目的是首先描述在新寄主植物鳞翅目小Li上的E. xanthochaeta及其原生寄生物之间的营养相互作用，然后评估胆大小，植物结构上的位置和寄生率之间的关系。发现了一个由七个原生类寄生虫形态物种组成的群落，占总体寄生虫的22.2％，突出了两个黄蜂物种-土豚（Torymus）sp。（Torymidae）和翼蕨科（Pteromalidae）为最丰富。大小显示出与它们在植物结构中的分布有关的显着变化，从主茎到外围分支逐渐缩小。这种差异与被寄生的p增加有关，并且发现较小的gall虫更容易受到寄生虫的侵袭。寄生率表明Torymus sp。所使用的胆囊尺寸范围比翼蕨科的范围宽，并且我们推测这种变化可能与寄生虫的某些形态特征有关，例如产卵器的长度，因为前者的产卵器比后者长近四倍。因此，我们推断大胆的生长减少了果蝇寄生的可能性。