The El Niño‐driven fire season in Indonesia in September–October 2015 produced the largest fire emissions on record since NASA's EOS satellites started making observations of tropospheric pollutants from space. In this study, measurements of carbon monoxide (CO) from the Measurement of Pollution in the Troposphere (MOPITT) on Terra and the Microwave Limb Sounder are used to characterize the anomalously high CO emitted during the 2015 Indonesian fire season transported into the tropical upper troposphere and stratosphere. The satellite measurements indicate that CO emitted from wildfires was transported into the upper troposphere with time lags up to ∼2 months and continued to be transported into the stratosphere, which resulted in higher concentrations of CO extending up to ∼20 hPa by the end of 2016. Hydrogen cyanide (HCN) measured by the Atmospheric Chemistry Experiment Fourier Transform Spectrometer (ACE‐FTS) confirms that anomalously high HCN emitted from the same wildfires was also transported into the tropical stratosphere and persisted throughout 2017. Simulations of CO from the Community Atmosphere Model with Chemistry (CAM‐chem) show a significant increase in CO concentrations in the troposphere in October 2015. However, comparisons between CAM‐chem and MOPITT CO suggest that the model underestimates the amount of CO even with doubled emissions of CO in October 2015. Both the satellite measurements and the model simulations show that the pollution emitted from the wildfires over Indonesia was transported to and persisted in the tropical stratosphere much longer than the previous El‐Niño driven fire events due to unprecedented amount of the fire emissions.

中文翻译：

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2015年印尼大火季节造成的污染命运

自从NASA的EOS卫星开始观测来自太空的对流层污染物以来，2015年9月至2015年10月在印度尼西亚由厄尔尼诺事件引发的火灾季节产生的有史以来最大的火灾排放量。在这项研究中，利用Terra和微波四边探测器上对流层污染测量（MOPITT）中的一氧化碳（CO）来表征2015年印度尼西亚火季中排放到热带对流层高层的异常高CO排放。和平流层。卫星测量结果表明，野火释放的CO随时间流逝进入对流层上层，时间长达约2个月，并继续进入平流层，导致高浓度的CO扩散到2016年底达到约20 hPa。 。