The impact and recovery of asteroid 2018 LA,Meteoritics and Planetary Science

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The impact and recovery of asteroid 2018 LA
Meteoritics and Planetary Science ( IF 2.2 ) Pub Date : 2021-04-23 , DOI: 10.1111/maps.13653
Peter Jenniskens _{1,

2} , Mohutsiwa Gabadirwe ₃ , Qing-Zhu Yin ₄ , Alexander Proyer ₅ , Oliver Moses ₆ , Tomas Kohout _{7,

8} , Fulvio Franchi ₅ , Roger L Gibson ₉ , Richard Kowalski ₁₀ , Eric J Christensen ₁₀ , Alex R Gibbs ₁₀ , Aren Heinze ₁₁ , Larry Denneau ₁₁ , Davide Farnocchia ₁₂ , Paul W Chodas ₁₂ , William Gray ₁₃ , Marco Micheli ₁₄ , Nick Moskovitz ₁₅ , Christopher A Onken ₁₆ , Christian Wolf ₁₆ , Hadrien A R Devillepoix ₁₇ , Quanzhi Ye _{18,

19} , Darrel K Robertson ₂₀ , Peter Brown ₂₁ , Esko Lyytinen ₈ , Jarmo Moilanen ₈ , Jim Albers ₁ , Tim Cooper ₂₂ , Jelle Assink ₂₃ , Läslo Evers _{23,

24} , Panu Lahtinen ₈ , Lesedi Seitshiro ₅ , Matthias Laubenstein ₂₅ , Nggie Wantlo ₃ , Phemo Moleje ₃ , Joseph Maritinkole ₃ , Heikki Suhonen ₂₆ , Michael E Zolensky ₂₇ , Lewis Ashwal ₉ , Takahiro Hiroi ₂₈ , Derek W Sears ₂₉ , Alexander Sehlke ₂₉ , Alessandro Maturilli ₃₀ , Matthew E Sanborn ₄ , Magdalena H Huyskens ₄ , Supratim Dey ₄ , Karen Ziegler ₃₁ , Henner Busemann ₃₂ , My E I Riebe ₃₂ , Matthias M M Meier ₃₃ , Kees C Welten ₃₄ , Marc W Caffee ₃₅ , Qin Zhou ₃₆ , Qiu-Li Li ₃₆ , Xian-Hua Li ₃₇ , Yu Liu ₃₇ , Guo-Qiang Tang ₃₇ , Hannah L McLain _{38,

39} , Jason P Dworkin ₃₉ , Daniel P Glavin ₃₉ , Philippe Schmitt-Kopplin _{40,

41} , Hassan Sabbah ₄₂ , Christine Joblin ₄₃ , Mikael Granvik _{26,

44} , Babutsi Mosarwa ₄₃ , Koketso Botepe ₃

Affiliation

SETI Institute, 189 Bernardo Avenue, Mountain View, CA 94043, USA.
NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA.
Botswana Geoscience Institute, Plot 11566, Khama 1 Avenue, Private Bag 0014, Lobatse, Botswana.
Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, University of California Davis, One Shields Avenue, CA 95616, USA.
Botswana International University of Science and Technology, Private Bag 16, Palapye, Botswana.
University of Botswana, Okavango Research Institute, Private Bag 285, Maun, Botswana.
Department of Geosciences and Geography, University of Helsinki, P. O. Box 64, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland.
Ursa Finnish Fireball Network, Kopernikuksentie 1, FI-00130 Helsinki, Finland.
School of Geosciences, University of the Witwatersrand, P.O. WITS, Johannesburg 2050, South Africa.
Catalina Sky Survey, Lunar & Planetary Laboratory, The University of Arizona, 1629 E University Blvd., Tucson, AZ 85721, USA.
ATLAS, Institute for Astronomy, 2680 Woodlawn Drive, Honolulu, HI 96822-1839, USA.
Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, 4800 Oak Grove Drive, Pasadena, CA 91109, USA.
Project Pluto, 168 Ridge Road, Bowdoinham, ME 04008, USA.
ESA NEO Coordination Centre, Largo Galileo Galilei 1, I-00044, Frascati, Italy.
Lowell Observatory, 1400 W. Mars Hill Rd., Flagstaff, AZ 86001, USA.
Research School of Astronomy and Astrophysics, The Australian National University, Canberra ACT 2611, Australia.
School of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Curtin University, Perth WA 6845, Australia.
Department of Astronomy, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA.
Division of Physics, Mathematics and Astronomy, Caltech, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA.
NASA Ames Research Center, Asteroid Threat Assessment Project, Mail Stop 239-1, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA.
Centre for Planetary Science and Exploration, Western University, London, Ontario, N6A 5B7, Canada.
Astronomical Society of Southern Africa, Suite 617, Private Bag X043, Benoni 1500, South Africa.
Royal Dutch Meteorological Institute, R&D Seismology and Acoustics, P. O. Box 201, NL-3730 AE De Bilt, The Netherlands.
Delft University of Technology, Department of Geoscience and Engineering, P. O. Box 5048, NL-2600 GA Delft, the Netherlands.
Gran Sasso National Laboratory, National Institute for Nuclear Physics, Via G. Acitelli 22, I-67100 Assergi, Italy.
University of Helsinki, Department of Physics, P. O. Box 64, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland.
NASA Johnson Space Flight Center, ARES Division, Houston, TX 77058, USA.
Brown University, Reflectance Experiment Laboratory, Department of Earth, Environmental and Planetary Science, Providence, RI 02912, USA.
NASA Ames Research Center / Bay Area Environmental Research Institute, Mail Stop 245-3, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA.
Institute for Planetary Research, German Aerospace Center DLR, Rutherfordstrasse 2, D-12489 Berlin-Adlershof, Germany.
University of New Mexico, Institute of Meteoritics, 221 Yale Blvd NE, 331 Northrop Hall, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA.
Institute of Geochemistry and Petrology, ETH Zürich, Clausiusstrasse 25, CH-8092 Zürich, Switzerland.
Naturmuseum St. Gallen, Rorschacher Strasse 263, CH-9016 St. Gallen, Switzerland.
University of California Berkeley, Space Science Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA.
Purdue University, Dept. Physics and Astronomy, 525 Northwestern Avenue, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA.
National Astronomical Observatories, Beijing, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100012, China.
State Key Laboratory of Lithospheric Evolution, Institute of Geology and Geophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China.
Catholic University of America, Department of Chemistry, 620 Michigan Ave, N.E., Washington, DC 20064, USA.
NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, 8800 Greenbelt Rd., Greenbelt, MD 20771, USA.
Helmholtz Zentrum München, Research Unit Analytical BioGeoChemistry, Ingolstädter Landstr. 1, D-85764 Neuherberg, Germany.
Technische Universität München, Analytical Food Chemistry, D-85354 Freising-Weihenstephan, Germany.
IRAP, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, CNES, Université de Toulouse (UPS), F-31028 Toulouse Cedex 4, France.
Botswana National Museum, 161 Queens Rd., Gaborone, Botswana.
Asteroid Engineering Laboratory, Onboard Space Systems, Lulea University of Technology, Box 848, S-981 28 Kiruna, Sweden.

The June 2, 2018 impact of asteroid 2018 LA over Botswana is only the second asteroid detected in space prior to impacting over land. Here, we report on the successful recovery of meteorites. Additional astrometric data refine the approach orbit and define the spin period and shape of the asteroid. Video observations of the fireball constrain the asteroid's position in its orbit and were used to triangulate the location of the fireball's main flare over the Central Kalahari Game Reserve. Twenty-three meteorites were recovered. A consortium study of eight of these classifies Motopi Pan as an HED polymict breccia derived from howardite, cumulate and basaltic eucrite, and diogenite lithologies. Before impact, 2018 LA was a solid rock of ~156 cm diameter with high bulk density ~2.85 g cm⁻³, a relatively low albedo p_V ~ 0.25, no significant opposition effect on the asteroid brightness, and an impact kinetic energy of ~0.2 kt. The orbit of 2018 LA is consistent with an origin at Vesta (or its Vestoids) and delivery into an Earth-impacting orbit via the ν₆ resonance. The impact that ejected 2018 LA in an orbit toward Earth occurred 22.8 ± 3.8 Ma ago. Zircons record a concordant U-Pb age of 4563 ± 11 Ma and a consistent ²⁰⁷Pb/²⁰⁶Pb age of 4563 ± 6 Ma. A much younger Pb-Pb phosphate resetting age of 4234 ± 41 Ma was found. From this impact chronology, we discuss what is the possible source crater of Motopi Pan and the age of Vesta's Veneneia impact basin.

中文翻译：

小行星 2018 LA 的撞击和恢复

2018 年 6 月 2 日小行星 2018 LA 对博茨瓦纳的撞击是在撞击陆地之前在太空中发现的第二颗小行星。在这里，我们报告陨石的成功回收。额外的天体测量数据改进了接近轨道并定义了小行星的自旋周期和形状。对火球的视频观测限制了小行星在其轨道上的位置，并用于对火球主要耀斑在中央卡拉哈里禁猎区上空的位置进行三角测量。回收了二十三颗陨石。对其中八个的联合研究将 Motopi Pan 归类为 HED polymict 角砾岩，源自霍华德岩、堆积岩和玄武质赤霞珠以及二成岩岩性。撞击前，2018 LA 是一块直径约 156 cm 的坚硬岩石，体积密度高约 2.85 g cm ^-3，相对较低的反照率 p _V ~ 0.25，对小行星亮度没有明显的对立效应，撞击动能约为 0.2 kt。2018 LA 的轨道与灶神星（或其 Vestoids）的起源一致，并通过 ν ₆共振进入撞击地球的轨道。将 2018 LA 抛射到地球轨道上的撞击发生在 22.8 ± 3.8 Ma 之前。锆石记录的一致 U-Pb 年龄为 4563 ± 11 Ma，一致的²⁰⁷ Pb/ ²⁰⁶ Pb 年龄为 4563 ± 6 Ma。发现了一个更年轻的 Pb-Pb 磷酸盐重置年龄 4234 ± 41 Ma。从这个影响年表中，我们讨论了 Motopi Pan 的可能源陨石坑和灶神星的 Veneneia 撞击盆地的年龄。

更新日期：2021-06-08

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