Plant functional traits have been shown to vary with environmental conditions. However, we lack empirical data on how plant functional traits of different plant life forms respond to environmental factors. We studied the influence of environmental conditions on the distribution of plant functional traits in a Quercus wutaishanica forest with the aim of exploring the patterns of functional traits across different life forms and determining the driving factors of functional trait variation at fine spatial scales. We collected data on environmental factors (soil nutrients and soil moisture, canopy variables, topography) of 70 20 m × 20 m plots. Leaves were harvested from 26 species (4 tree species, 7 shrub species and 15 herbaceous species), and community-weighted mean (CWM) trait values for leaf area (LA), leaf mass per unit area (LMA), leaf carbon content (LCC), leaf nitrogen content (LNC), leaf phosphorus content (LPC), and leaf potassium content (LKC) were calculated. We also measured the height (H) of plants. The importance of biotic and abiotic factors in controlling plant functional traits was quantitatively assessed using redundancy analysis (RCA). Regression was used to determine relationships between CWM trait values and environment variables. We found that plant functional traits varied with life forms of plants. LA, LMA and LCC of trees were greater than those of the understory, whereas LNC, LPC and LKC of herbaceous were greater than those of trees. Responses of plant functional traits to environmental factors varied with different life forms. The combined effect of canopy, topography and soil factors had a greater impact on plant functional traits in understory layer than tree layer. General linear models showed that openness is the main factor affecting various functional traits of undergrowth plants, and the relationship between the element content in leaves of herbaceous plants and environmental factors is greater than that of shrub plants. The strong correlation of plant functional traits and environmental factors at fine spatial scales indicates that Q. wutaishanica forests have high spatial variability. Considering the variation of traits in different life form of plants and their interactions with biotic factors, it provides further insights into ecological mechanisms of shaping plant communities and driving plant community dynamics.

已经表明植物功能性状随环境条件而变化。但是，我们缺乏关于不同植物生命形式的植物功能性状如何响应环境因素的经验数据。我们研究了环境条件对五台山栎植物功能性状分布的影响目的是探索不同生命形式的功能性状的模式，并确定在精细空间尺度上功能性状变化的驱动因素。我们收集了70个20 m×20 m地块的环境因素（土壤养分和土壤水分，冠层变量，地形）的数据。从26种（4种树种，7种灌木种和15种草本种）收获叶子，并获得了叶子面积（LA），每单位面积的叶子质量（LMA），叶子碳含量（C）的群落加权平均（CWM）特征值。 LCC），叶氮含量（LNC），叶磷含量（LPC）和叶钾含量（LKC）。我们还测量了植物的高度（H）。使用冗余分析（RCA）定量评估了生物和非生物因子在控制植物功能性状中的重要性。回归用于确定CWM特征值与环境变量之间的关系。我们发现植物功能性状随植物的生命形式而变化。树木的LA，LMA和LCC大于林下树木，而草本的LNC，LPC和LKC大于树木。植物功能性状对环境因素的响应随不同的生命形式而变化。冠层，地形和土壤因素的综合影响对林下层的植物功能性状的影响大于对树木层的影响。一般线性模型表明，开放性是影响灌木丛植物各种功能性状的主要因素，而草本植物叶片中的元素含量与环境因子的关系大于灌木植物。Q. wutaishanica森林具有较高的空间变异性。考虑到植物不同生命形式的性状变异及其与生物因子的相互作用，它为塑造植物群落和驱动植物群落动态的生态机制提供了进一步的见解。