Effort-based decision-making provides a framework to understand the mental computations estimating the amount of work (“effort”) required to obtain a reward. The aim of the current review is to systematically synthesize the available literature on effort-based decision-making across the spectrum of eating and weight disorders. More specifically, the current review summarises the literature examining whether 1) individuals with eating disorders and overweight/obesity are willing to expend more effort for rewards compared to healthy controls, 2) if particular components of effort-based decision-making (i.e. risk, discounting) relate to specific binge eating conditions, and 3) how individual differences in effort and reward -processing measures relate to eating pathology and treatment measures. A total of 96 studies were included in our review, following PRISMA guidelines. The review suggests that individuals with binge eating behaviours 1) are more likely to expend greater effort for food rewards, but not monetary rewards, 2) demonstrate greater decision-making impairments under risk and uncertainty, 3) prefer sooner rather than delayed rewards for both food and money, and 4) demonstrate increased implicit ‘wanting’ for high fat sweet foods. Finally, individual differences in effort and reward -processing measures relating to eating pathology and treatment measures are also discussed.

基于努力的决策提供了一个框架来理解估计获得奖励所需的工作量（“努力”）的心理计算。本综述的目的是系统地综合现有的关于饮食和体重障碍范围内基于努力的决策的文献。更具体地说，本综述总结了研究以下方面的文献：1) 与健康对照组相比，饮食失调和超重/肥胖的个体是否愿意为奖励付出更多的努力，2) 如果基于努力的决策的特定组成部分（即风险、折扣）与特定的暴饮暴食条件有关，以及 3）努力和奖励处理措施的个体差异如何与饮食病理学和治疗措施相关。我们的审查共纳入了 96 项研究，遵循 PRISMA 指南。审查表明，有暴饮暴食行为的个体 1）更有可能为食物奖励付出更多努力，而不是金钱奖励，2）在风险和不确定性下表现出更大的决策障碍，3）两者都更喜欢早点而不是延迟奖励食物和金钱，以及 4) 表现出对高脂肪甜食的隐含“想要”增加。最后，还讨论了与饮食病理学和治疗措施相关的努力和奖励处理措施的个体差异。3) 更喜欢早点而不是延迟奖励食物和金钱，以及 4) 表现出对高脂肪甜食的隐含“想要”增加。最后，还讨论了与饮食病理学和治疗措施相关的努力和奖励处理措施的个体差异。3) 更喜欢早点而不是延迟奖励食物和金钱，以及 4) 表现出对高脂肪甜食的隐含“想要”增加。最后，还讨论了与饮食病理学和治疗措施相关的努力和奖励处理措施的个体差异。