This paper reviews a wide variety of fiber-optic microstructure (FOM) sensors, such as fiber Bragg grating (FBG) sensors, long-period fiber grating (LPFG) sensors, Fabry-Perot interferometer (FPI) sensors, Mach-Zehnder interferometer (MZI) sensors, Michelson interferometer (MI) sensors, and Sagnac interferometer (SI) sensors. Each FOM sensor has been introduced in the terms of structure types, fabrication methods, and their sensing applications. In addition, the sensing characteristics of different structures under the same type of FOM sensor are compared, and the sensing characteristics of the all FOM sensors, including advantages, disadvantages, and main sensing parameters, are summarized. We also discuss the future development of FOM sensors.

本文概述了各种各样的光纤微结构（FOM）传感器，例如光纤布拉格光栅（FBG）传感器，长周期光纤光栅（LPFG）传感器，法布里-珀罗干涉仪（FPI）传感器，马赫曾德尔干涉仪（ MZI）传感器，迈克尔逊干涉仪（MI）传感器和Sagnac干涉仪（SI）传感器。每个FOM传感器都已在结构类型，制造方法及其传感应用方面进行了介绍。另外，比较了相同类型的FOM传感器下不同结构的传感特性，总结了所有FOM传感器的传感特性，包括优缺点和主要传感参数。我们还将讨论FOM传感器的未来发展。