Literacy practices in science classrooms have been traditionally limited to the provision of macroscaffolds (writing templates like Question-Hypothesis-Methodology-Results). This paper explores the allowances and shortcomings of such practice by means of a systematic examination of a corpus of lab reports written by two small groups of college students taught to write scientifically through a macroscaffold-based approach. Despite reporting the same experience and being supported by the same macroscaffold, students’ science writing differed in important ways. Group A’s impersonal inferences expressed social detachment and objectivity (students positioned themselves as distant and objective knowledge producers), whereas Group B adopted a position of social closeness and subjectivity more typical of personal genres (e.g., personal diaries). Atypical of what is expected of science writers, Group B’s personal inferences was taken as indicative of an alternative conception of what it meant to scientifically infer from one’s empirical observations. Such a different style pointed to the possibility of some students holding alternative conceptions about what it means to scientifically infer from one’s empirical observations. It is argued that, although macroscaffolding may be a helpful starting point, students need additional guidance on specific linguistic aspects of science writing, and possibly engage in genre-based literacy activities.

传统上，科学教室的扫盲实践仅限于提供宏支架（编写模板，如问题－假设－方法－结果）。本文通过系统地考察由两个小组的大学生编写的实验室报告的语料库，探讨了这种做法的弊端和不足，这两组大学生被教导通过基于宏支架的方法进行科学的写作。尽管报道了相同的经历并得到了相同的宏支架的支持，但学生的科学写作在重要方面有所不同。A组的非人格推论表达了社会超然性和客观性（学生将自己定位为遥远和客观的知识生产者），而B组则采用了社会亲近性和主观性的立场，这种立场在个人体裁（例如个人日记）中更为典型。B组的个人推论与科学作家的期望非典型，被认为是从经验观察中得出科学推论含义的替代概念。这种不同的风格表明，一些学生可能对从一个人的经验观察中进行科学推断的含义持有另类的观念。有人认为，尽管宏观支架可能是一个有用的起点，但学生需要在科学写作的特定语言方面提供额外的指导，并可能从事基于体裁的扫盲活动。这种不同的风格表明，一些学生可能对从一个人的经验观察中进行科学推断的含义持有另类的观念。有人认为，尽管宏观支架可能是一个有用的起点，但学生需要在科学写作的特定语言方面提供更多指导，并可能从事基于体裁的扫盲活动。这种不同的风格表明，一些学生可能对从一个人的经验观察中进行科学推断的含义持有另类的观念。有人认为，尽管宏观支架可能是一个有用的起点，但学生需要在科学写作的特定语言方面提供更多指导，并可能从事基于体裁的扫盲活动。