Abstract

Listeria monocytogenes is one of the most invasive foodborne pathogens and is responsible for numerous outbreaks worldwide. Most of the methods to detect this bacterium in food require selective enrichment using traditional bacterial culture techniques that can be time-consuming and labour-intensive. Moreover, molecular methods are expensive and need specific technical knowledge. In contrast, immunological approaches are faster, simpler, and user-friendly alternatives and have been developed for the detection of L. monocytogenes in food, environmental, and clinical samples. These techniques are dependent on the constitutive expression of L. monocytogenes antigens and the specificity of the antibodies used. Here, updated knowledge on pathogenesis and the key immunogenic virulence determinants of L. monocytogenes that are used for the generation of monoclonal and polyclonal antibodies for the serological assay development are summarised. In addition, immunological approaches based on enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, immunofluorescence, lateral flow immunochromatographic assays, and immunosensors with relevant improvements are highlighted. Though the sensitivity and specificity of the assays were improved significantly, methods still face many challenges that require further validation before use.

摘要

单核细胞增生李斯特菌是最具侵袭性的食源性病原体之一，是世界范围内多次爆发的原因。大多数检测食品中这种细菌的方法都需要使用传统的细菌培养技术进行选择性富集，这可能既耗时又费力。此外，分子方法昂贵且需要特定的技术知识。相比之下，免疫学方法更快、更简单且用户友好，并且已开发用于检测食品、环境和临床样本中的单核细胞增生李斯特菌。这些技术依赖于单核细胞增生李斯特氏菌的组成型表达抗原和所用抗体的特异性。在这里，总结了关于单核细胞增生李斯特菌的发病机制和关键免疫原性毒力决定因素的最新知识，这些决定因素用于产生用于血清学检测开发的单克隆和多克隆抗体。此外，重点介绍了基于酶联免疫吸附测定、免疫荧光、侧流免疫层析测定和具有相关改进的免疫传感器的免疫学方法。尽管检测的灵敏度和特异性得到了显着提高，但方法仍然面临许多挑战，需要在使用前进一步验证。