The 18 extant members of the Tribe Phloeomyini, the “cloud rats,” constitute an endemic Philippine radiation of arboreal herbivores that range in size from ca. 18 g to 2.7 kg, most occurring in cloud forest above 1,200 m elevation. Although calibrated phylogenies indicate that the Phloeomyini is estimated to have begun diversifying within the Philippines by ca. 10–11 million years ago, no extinct fossil species have been described, severely limiting our understanding of this distinctive radiation. Our studies of fossil and subfossil small mammal assemblages from the lowland Callao Caves complex in NE Luzon, Philippines, have produced specimens of Phloeomyini that date from ca. 67,000 BP to the Late Holocene (ca. 4,000 to 2,000 BP). We identify three extinct species that we name as new members assigned to the genera Batomys, Carpomys, and Crateromys, distinguished from congeners by body size, distinctive dental and other morphological features, and occupancy of a habitat (lowland forest over limestone) that differs from the high-elevation mossy forest over volcanic soils occupied by their congeners. Batomys cagayanensis n. sp. is known only from two specimens from ca. 67,000 BP; Carpomys dakal n. sp. and Crateromys ballik n. sp. were present from ca. 67,000 BP to the Late Holocene. These add to the species richness and morphological diversity of this endemic Philippine radiation of large folivores, and show specifically that the lowland fauna of small mammals on Luzon was more diverse in the recent past than it is currently, and that Luzon recently supported five species of giant rodents (ca. 1 kg or more). All three occurred contemporaneously with Homo luzonensis, and two, the new Carpomys and Crateromys, persisted until the Late Holocene when multiple exotic mammal species, both domestic and invasive, were introduced to Luzon, and new cultural practices (such as making pottery) became evident, suggesting that modern humans played a role in their extinction.

中文翻译：

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来自菲律宾地方性云鼠辐射的三种新灭绝物种（啮齿目、鼠科、Phloeomyini）

现存的 18 名 Phloeomyini 部落成员，即“云鼠”，构成了菲律宾特有的树栖食草动物辐射，其大小从 ca. 18g～2.7kg，多产于海拔1200米以上的云雾林。尽管经过校准的系统发育表明 Phloeomyini 估计已在菲律宾开始多样化。10-1100 万年前，还没有描述过灭绝的化石物种，这严重限制了我们对这种独特辐射的理解。我们对来自菲律宾吕宋岛东北部低地卡亚俄洞穴群的化石和亚化石小型哺乳动物组合的研究产生了可追溯到约 67,000 BP 至晚全新世（约 4,000 至 2,000 BP）。我们确定了三种已灭绝的物种，我们将它们命名为 Batomys、Carpomys、和 Crateromys，通过体型、独特的牙齿和其他形态特征以及栖息地（石灰岩上的低地森林）与同源物占据的火山土壤上的高海拔苔藓森林不同的栖息地与同类物区分开来。Batomys cagayanensis n. sp。仅从 ca 的两个标本中得知。67,000 英镑；Carpomys dakal n. sp。和 Crateromys ballik n。sp。来自ca。67,000 BP 到晚全新世。这些增加了菲律宾特有的大型食叶动物辐射的物种丰富度和形态多样性，并特别表明吕宋岛小型哺乳动物的低地动物群在最近的过去比现在更加多样化，吕宋岛最近支持了五种巨型啮齿动物（约 1 公斤或更多）。这三个都与吕宋人同时发生，两个，