In 2018, the International Maritime Organization (IMO) announced the first sector-wide emission reduction target for international shipping. The roadmap to achieve this goal is the Initial IMO Strategy on Reduction of GHG Emissions from Ships, which proposes implementation measures for the short, medium and long term. This article examines three of these measures: National Action Plans (NAPs), market-based mechanisms (MBMs) and alternative fuels. We argue that NAPs can play a key role in directing national action and facilitating implementation within national jurisdictions. In relation to MBMs, we find that a carbon tax might be more efficient than emission trading. Yet, ultimately, the sector’s decarbonisation can only be truly achieved with zero-carbon fuels. Noting the considerable barriers to the development and use of these fuels, we consider how the private sector is beginning to shift resources to this challenge, spurred by the IMO targets and new understandings of climate-related financial risks and opportunities.

中文翻译：

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国际航运业净零？国际海事组织减少温室气体排放战略的实施和监管挑战分析

2018年，国际海事组织（IMO）宣布了第一个针对国际航运的全行业减排目标。实现这一目标的路线图是《国际海事组织关于减少船舶温室气体排放的初步战略》，该战略提出了短期，中期和长期的实施措施。本文研究了其中三种措施：国家行动计划（NAP），基于市场的机制（MBM）和替代燃料。我们认为，国家行动方案可以在指导国家行动和促进国家管辖范围内的实施方面发挥关键作用。关于MBM，我们发现碳税可能比排放交易更有效。但是，最终，只有使用零碳燃料才能真正实现该行业的脱碳。注意到这些燃料的开发和使用面临相当大的障碍，