Colon cancer is an adenocarcinoma, which subsequently develops into malignant tumors, if not treated properly. The current colon cancer therapy mainly revolves around chemotherapy, radiotherapy and surgery, but the search continues for more effective interventions. With the advancement of nanoparticles (NPs), it is now possible to diagnose and treat colon cancers with different types, shapes, and sizes of NPs. Nanoformulations such as quantum dots, iron oxide, polymeric NPs, dendrimers, polypeptides, gold NPs, silver NPs, platinum NPs, and cerium oxide have been either extensively used alone or in combination with other nanomaterials or drugs in colon cancer diagnosis, and treatments. These nanoformulations possess high biocompatibility and bioavailability, which makes them the most suitable candidates for cancer treatment. The size and shape of NPs are critical to achieving an effective drug delivery in cancer treatment and diagnosis. Most NPs currently are under different testing phases (in vitro, preclinical, and clinical), whereas some of them have been approved for therapeutic applications. We have comprehensively reviewed the recent advances in the applications of NPs-based formulations in colon cancer diagnosis and treatment.

中文翻译：

---

纳米材料靶向递送在结肠癌诊断和治疗中的趋势

结肠癌是一种腺癌，如果治疗不当，随后会发展为恶性肿瘤。目前的结肠癌治疗主要围绕化疗、放疗和手术，但仍在继续寻找更有效的干预措施。随着纳米粒子 (NPs) 的进步，现在可以用不同类型、形状和大小的 NPs 诊断和治疗结肠癌。诸如量子点、氧化铁、聚合物纳米粒子、树枝状大分子、多肽、金纳米粒子、银纳米粒子、铂纳米粒子和氧化铈等纳米制剂已被广泛单独使用或与其他纳米材料或药物组合用于结肠癌的诊断和治疗。这些纳米制剂具有很高的生物相容性和生物利用度，这使其成为最适合癌症治疗的候选者。NPs 的大小和形状对于在癌症治疗和诊断中实现有效的药物递送至关重要。大多数 NP 目前处于不同的测试阶段（体外、临床前和临床），而其中一些已被批准用于治疗应用。我们全面回顾了基于NPs的制剂在结肠癌诊断和治疗中的应用的最新进展。