This article focuses on the contested development of judicial whipping as a marker and maker of status in the particular social, cultural, and political context of England in the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries. In these years people disputed with special vigor who could be whipped and why, often in battles fought in and around parliaments and the Court of Star Chamber, and often invoking fears of “servility.” Tracing the rise and spread of judicial whipping, its linking with the poor, and disputes over its use, this article demonstrates how whipping served as a distinctively and explicitly status-based disciplinary tool, embedding hierarchical values in the law not just in practice but also in prescript. Some authorities thought the whip appropriate only for the “servile” and, indeed, both valuable and dangerous for its ability to inculcate a “slavish disposition.” After men of the gentry successfully asserted their freedom from the lash, so too did a somewhat expanded group of “free” and “sufficient” men. By the later seventeenth century, challenges over the uses of judicial whipping left it limited ever more firmly to people of low status, affixed by law to offenses typically associated with the insubordinate poor.

中文翻译：

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法律、地位和鞭笞：近代早期英格兰的司法鞭笞

本文重点关注 16 世纪和 17 世纪英格兰特定社会、文化和政治背景下司法鞭笞作为地位标志和地位制造者的争议性发展。在这些年里，人们特别激烈地争论谁可以被鞭打以及为什么会被鞭打，经常在议会和星庭法院内外的战斗中，并经常引发对“奴性”的恐惧。本文追溯司法鞭笞的兴起和传播、它与穷人的联系以及对其使用的争议，展示了鞭笞如何作为一种独特而明确的基于身份的惩戒工具，不仅在实践中，而且在法律中嵌入等级价值。在处方中。一些权威人士认为鞭子只适用于“奴隶”，事实上，既有价值又危险，因为它能够灌输“奴隶的性格”。在绅士们成功地从鞭笞中宣告了他们的自由之后，一个稍微扩大的“自由”和“足够”的男人群体也做了同样的事情。到了 17 世纪后期，对使用司法鞭笞的挑战使其更加严格地限制在地位低下的人身上，法律将其附加在通常与不服从的穷人有关的罪行上。