High-intensity coal mining in grasslands has negative impact on the surface ecology of the mining area and its surroundings. This impact shows spatio-temporal heterogeneity due to differences in mining intensity at various life stages. Based on remote sensing images and experimental test data, this paper took the Baorixile Surface Coal Mine (BSCM), which as the largest open-pit mine in eastern Inner Mongolia, as an example to analyze surface ecological quality and risk at the whole life cycle. In total, 13 indices from three aspects of site structure, spatial pattern, and ecological function were selected to assess surface ecological quality. The geoaccumulation index and potential ecological risk index were used to analyze the ecological risk of surface soil. Identification of impact range of mining activities and pollution sources of soil heavy metal was obtained by correlation analysis. At present, the BSCM is at a stable stage. Ecological quality showed a deteriorating trend during the reaching and stable stages. The soil organic matter content at the BSCM was lower than the Second National Soil Survey and exhibited a decreasing tendency. A low ecological risk was found in soil, and Cd was the main potential ecological risk element. The surface ecology of the boundary and its 2 km buffer zone was affected by mining activities in the BSCM. Mining activities may have an impact on the surface ecology of the 5 km buffer zone. This study provides a reference method for ecological quality assessment and impact scope determination of similar mining areas.

草原上的高强度煤矿开采对矿区及其周围的地表生态产生负面影响。由于不同生命阶段采矿强度的差异，这种影响显示出时空异质性。基于遥感影像和试验数据，以内蒙古东部最大的露天煤矿宝瑞西勒露天煤矿为例，对整个生命周期的地表生态质量和风险进行了分析。 。总共从站点结构，空间格局和生态功能三个方面选择了13个指标来评估地表生态质量。利用地积累指数和潜在生态风险指数对地表土壤生态风险进行了分析。通过相关分析，确定了采矿活动的影响范围和土壤重金属的污染源。目前，BSCM处于稳定阶段。生态质量在达到稳定期后呈下降趋势。BSCM的土壤有机质含量低于第二次全国土壤调查，并呈下降趋势。土壤中的生态风险较低，镉是主要的潜在生态风险元素。边界及其2 km缓冲区的表面生态受到BSCM中采矿活动的影响。采矿活动可能会对5 km缓冲区的表面生态产生影响。该研究为类似矿区的生态质量评估和影响范围的确定提供了参考方法。目前，BSCM处于稳定阶段。生态质量在达到稳定期后呈下降趋势。BSCM的土壤有机质含量低于第二次全国土壤调查，并呈下降趋势。土壤中的生态风险较低，镉是主要的潜在生态风险元素。边界及其2 km缓冲区的表面生态受到BSCM中采矿活动的影响。采矿活动可能会对5 km缓冲区的表面生态产生影响。该研究为类似矿区的生态质量评估和影响范围的确定提供了参考方法。目前，BSCM处于稳定阶段。生态质量在达到稳定期后呈下降趋势。BSCM的土壤有机质含量低于第二次全国土壤调查，并呈下降趋势。土壤中的生态风险较低，镉是主要的潜在生态风险元素。边界及其2 km缓冲区的表面生态受到BSCM中采矿活动的影响。采矿活动可能会对5 km缓冲区的表面生态产生影响。该研究为类似矿区的生态质量评估和影响范围的确定提供了参考方法。BSCM的土壤有机质含量低于第二次全国土壤调查，并呈下降趋势。土壤中的生态风险较低，镉是主要的潜在生态风险元素。边界及其2 km缓冲区的表面生态受到BSCM中采矿活动的影响。采矿活动可能会对5 km缓冲区的表面生态产生影响。该研究为类似矿区的生态质量评估和影响范围的确定提供了参考方法。BSCM的土壤有机质含量低于第二次全国土壤调查，并呈下降趋势。土壤中的生态风险较低，镉是主要的潜在生态风险元素。边界及其2 km缓冲区的表面生态受到BSCM中采矿活动的影响。采矿活动可能会对5 km缓冲区的表面生态产生影响。该研究为类似矿区的生态质量评估和影响范围的确定提供了参考方法。采矿活动可能会对5 km缓冲区的表面生态产生影响。该研究为类似矿区的生态质量评估和影响范围的确定提供了参考方法。采矿活动可能会对5 km缓冲区的表面生态产生影响。该研究为类似矿区的生态质量评估和影响范围的确定提供了参考方法。