Introduction

Time attitudes refer to the way individuals feel about their past, present, and future and have been associated with adolescent-specific developmental, social, and emotional changes. The dual-factor model of mental health proposes that optimal functioning entails high levels of emotional, social, and psychological well-being, as well as low levels of psychopathology. Since previous research has suggested that time attitudes can assist in understanding the development of adolescents, the primary objective of this study was to examine the relationship between time attitudes and mental health according to the dual-factor model. Methods: A total of 317 Spanish high school students aged between 14 and 16 years (45.1% females) participated in the study. Time attitudes were assessed with the Adolescent and Adult Time Inventory-Time Attitudes Scale, and profiles were identified through person-centered analysis. Data were also gathered on well-being and psychological distress measures, which were analyzed as distal outcomes. Results: Four time attitude profiles were identified – negatives, positives, past negatives, and present/future negatives. Adolescents belonging to the positive profile reported higher scores on well-being and lower scores on psychological distress. The psychological well-being and depression constructs had higher (positive and negative, respectively) scores across all profiles. These results suggested an association between time attitude profiles and mental health according to the dual-factor model. Conclusions: We suggest that positive psychology interventions may nudge adolescents towards a more positive appraisal of the past, present, and future and promote their mental health and positive development. Further practical implications are discussed.

中文翻译：

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对时间感到积极：时间态度与青少年心理健康的关系

介绍

时间态度是指个人对过去、现在和未来的感受，并与青少年特定的发展、社会和情感变化有关。心理健康的双因素模型提出，最佳功能需要高水平的情绪、社会和心理健康，以及低水平的精神病理学。由于之前的研究表明时间态度有助于理解青少年的发展，本研究的主要目的是根据双因素模型检验时间态度与心理健康之间的关系。方法：共有 317 名年龄在 14 至 16 岁之间的西班牙高中生（45.1% 为女性）参与了这项研究。时间态度是用青少年和成人时间库存-时间态度量表评估的，并通过以人为中心的分析确定概况。还收集了有关幸福感和心理困扰措施的数据，并将其作为远端结果进行分析。结果：确定了四种时间态度概况——消极、积极、过去的消极和现在/未来的消极。属于积极特征的青少年在幸福感方面的得分较高，而在心理困扰方面的得分较低。在所有配置文件中，心理健康和抑郁结构的得分较高（分别为正面和负面）。根据双因素模型，这些结果表明时间态度特征与心理健康之间存在关联。结论：我们建议积极心理学干预可能会促使青少年对过去、现在和未来做出更积极的评价，并促进他们的心理健康和积极发展。进一步的实际意义进行了讨论。