Animal disease surveillance encompasses systematic collection of long-term data on disease events, risk factors and other relevant parameters followed by analyzing the same with reference to temporal and spatial characteristics to arrive at a conclusion so that necessary preventive measures can be taken. In India, the animal disease surveillance is done through National Animal Disease Reporting System, which is a web-based information technology system for disease reporting from States and Union Territories with the aim to record, monitor livestock disease situation and to initiate the preventive and curative action in a swift manner during disease emergencies. National Animal Disease Referral Expert System is a dynamic geographic information system and remote sensing-enabled expert system that captures an incidence of 13 economically important livestock diseases from all over the country and also provides livestock disease forecasting. The laboratories under State and Central governments, several research institutes under the Indian Council of Agricultural Research and veterinary colleges are involved in livestock disease diagnosis including zoonotic diseases. An integrated surveillance system is necessary for early detection of emerging/zoonotic diseases in humans. This review provides information on disease reporting and surveillance systems in animal health sector and the need for One Health approach to improve and strengthen the zoonotic disease surveillance system in India.

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动物疾病监测：其重要性和在印度的现状

动物疾病监测包括系统收集有关疾病事件，危险因素和其他相关参数的长期数据，然后参考时空特征对其进行分析以得出结论，从而可以采取必要的预防措施。在印度，动物疾病监测是通过国家动物疾病报告系统完成的，该系统是一个基于网络的信息技术系统，用于报告各州和联邦地区的疾病，目的是记录，监视牲畜疾病状况并启动预防和治疗措施在疾病紧急情况下迅速采取行动。国家动物疾病推荐专家系统是一个动态的地理信息系统，并且是具有遥感功能的专家系统，它捕获了来自全国各地的13种具有经济意义的重要牲畜疾病的发生率，并提供了牲畜疾病预测。州和中央政府下属的实验室，印度农业研究理事会下属的几个研究机构以及兽医学院都参与了包括人畜共患病在内的牲畜疾病诊断。一个集成的监视系统对于人类早期发现的新兴/人畜共患疾病是必不可少的。这篇综述提供了有关动物卫生部门疾病报告和监测系统的信息，以及在印度采用“一种卫生”方法来改善和加强人畜共患疾病监测系统的信息。