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What Role Does the Barrier Layer Play During Extreme El Niño Events?
Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans ( IF 3.3 ) Pub Date : 2021-04-23 , DOI: 10.1029/2020jc017001
Xiaolin Zhang 1 , Janet Sprintall 2 , Lili Zeng 3, 4
Affiliation  

Intensive air‐sea interaction and the formation of the salinity barrier layer (BL) in the Pacific has fundamental importance to the El Niño evolution. The structure and formation of the BL in the equatorial Pacific Ocean during moderate and extreme El Niños over the past 30 years are investigated using in situ temperature and salinity data measured by the TAO/TRITON array and the data‐assimilating ECCO2 product. In the western and central Pacific Ocean, the BL is thicker during moderate El Niños compared to extreme El Niños due to a deeper isothermal layer depth compared to the density defined mixed layer depth. Moreover, in the western and central Pacific Ocean, the anomalous zonal eastward current related to the westerly wind event that initiates El Niños is found to be stronger during extreme El Niños, advecting the thicker BLs from west to east. A salinity budget suggests that during both moderate and extreme El Niño events, surface freshwater flux dominates at the equator. During extreme El Niños, the change in the freshwater flux drives a strong surface jet in the far western Pacific at 1°S, 156°E. North of the equator, the surface freshwater flux largely dampens this advective impact. Thus during the different El Niño strengths, the BL distribution, evolution and impact are also different. This suggests that climate models need to better distinguish different types of El Niño events in order to simulate the ENSO dynamics correctly.

中文翻译:

在极端厄尔尼诺事件期间,屏障层起什么作用?

强烈的海海相互作用和太平洋盐分阻隔层(BL)的形成对于厄尔尼诺现象的演化具有根本的重要性。利用TAO / TRITON阵列和数据同化ECCO2产物测量的原位温度和盐度数据,研究了过去30年中,极端厄尔尼诺现象期间赤道太平洋BL的结构和形成。在西部和中部太平洋,由于等温层深度比密度定义的混合层深度要深,因此在中等厄尔尼诺现象期间与极端厄尔尼诺现象相比,BL较厚。此外,在太平洋中西部,发现在极端厄尔尼诺现象期间,与引发厄尔尼诺现象的西风事件有关的纬向带状纬向东流异常强烈,从西到东对较厚的BL进行平移。盐度预算表明,在厄尔尼诺现象的中度和极端事件期间,赤道的表层淡水通量占主导地位。在极端厄尔尼诺现象期间,淡水通量的变化在遥远的西太平洋在1°S,156°E推动了强烈的地面射流。在赤道以北,表面的淡水通量在很大程度上减弱了这种对流的影响。因此,在厄尔尼诺现象的不同强度下,BL的分布,演变和影响也不同。这表明,气候模型需要更好地区分不同类型的厄尔尼诺事件,以便正确模拟ENSO动态。淡水通量的变化驱动了远西太平洋在1°S,156°E处的强烈表面射流。在赤道以北,表面的淡水通量在很大程度上减弱了这种对流的影响。因此,在厄尔尼诺现象的不同强度下,BL的分布,演变和影响也不同。这表明,气候模型需要更好地区分不同类型的厄尔尼诺事件,以便正确模拟ENSO动态。淡水通量的变化驱动了远西太平洋在1°S,156°E处的强烈表面射流。在赤道以北,表面的淡水通量在很大程度上减弱了这种对流的影响。因此,在厄尔尼诺现象的不同强度下,BL的分布,演变和影响也不同。这表明,气候模型需要更好地区分不同类型的厄尔尼诺事件,以便正确模拟ENSO动态。
更新日期:2021-05-03
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