The associations of multiple pollutants and cardiovascular disease (CVD) morbidity, and the spatial variations of these associations have not been nationally studied in Sweden. The main aim of this study was, thus, to spatially analyze the associations between ambient air pollution (black carbon, carbon monoxide, particulate matter (both <10 µm and <2.5 µm in diameter) and Sulfur oxides considered) and CVD admissions while controlling for neighborhood deprivation across Sweden from 2005 to 2010. Annual emission estimates across Sweden along with admission records for coronary heart disease, ischemic stroke, atherosclerotic and aortic disease were obtained and aggregated at Small Areas for Market Statistics level. Global associations were analyzed using global Poisson regression and spatially autoregressive Poisson regression models. Spatial non-stationarity of the associations was analyzed using Geographically Weighted Poisson Regression. Generally, weak but significant associations were observed between most of the air pollutants and CVD admissions. These associations were non-homogeneous, with more variability in the southern parts of Sweden. Our study demonstrates significant spatially varying associations between ambient air pollution and CVD admissions across Sweden and provides an empirical basis for developing healthcare policies and intervention strategies with more emphasis on local impacts of ambient air pollution on CVD outcomes in Sweden.

中文翻译：

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瑞典各地环境空气污染和心血管疾病（CVD）住院的空间分析

瑞典尚未对多种污染物与心血管疾病（CVD）发病率的关联以及这些关联的空间变化进行研究。因此，本研究的主要目的是在控制空间大气污染物（黑碳，一氧化碳，颗粒物（直径分别<10 µm和<2.5 µm）和考虑的硫氧化物）与CVD进气之间的空间关系上进行分析。收集了2005年至2010年整个瑞典的社区贫困情况。获得了瑞典的年度排放估算值以及冠心病，缺血性中风，动脉粥样硬化和主动脉疾病的入院记录，并汇总到了“小区域市场统计”级别。使用全局Poisson回归和空间自回归Poisson回归模型分析了全局关联。使用地理加权泊松回归分析关联的空间非平稳性。通常，在大多数空气污染物与CVD进气之间观察到微弱但重要的关联。这些关联是非同质的，在瑞典南部地区的变异性更大。我们的研究表明，瑞典各地的环境空气污染与CVD发病之间存在显着的空间变化关联，并为制定医疗政策和干预策略提供了经验基础，其中更侧重于环境空气污染对瑞典CVD结果的局部影响。这些关联是非同质的，在瑞典南部地区的变异性更大。我们的研究表明，瑞典各地的环境空气污染与CVD发病之间存在显着的空间变化关联，并为制定医疗政策和干预策略提供了经验基础，其中更侧重于环境空气污染对瑞典CVD结果的局部影响。这些关联是非同质的，在瑞典南部地区的变异性更大。我们的研究表明，瑞典各地的环境空气污染与CVD发病之间存在显着的空间变化关联，并为制定医疗政策和干预策略提供了经验基础，其中更侧重于环境空气污染对瑞典CVD结果的局部影响。