We present the conceptual design and initial development of the hysteretic deformable mirror (HDM). The HDM is a completely new approach to the design and operation of deformable mirrors (DMs) for wavefront correction in advanced imaging systems. The key technology breakthrough is the application of highly hysteretic piezoelectric material in combination with a simple electrode layout to efficiently define single actuator pixels. The set-and-forget nature of the HDM, which is based on the large remnant deformation of the newly developed piezomaterial, facilitates the use of time division multiplexing to address the single pixels without the need for high update frequencies to avoid pixel drift. This, in combination with the simple electrode layout, paves the way for upscaling to extremely high pixel numbers (≥128 × 128) and pixel density (100 / mm2) DMs, which is of great importance for high spatial frequency wavefront correction in some of the most advanced imaging systems in the world.

中文翻译：

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利用压电迟滞实现稳定像素形状的高像素数可变形镜概念

我们介绍了滞后变形镜（HDM）的概念设计和初步开发。HDM是用于可变形反射镜（DM）的设计和操作的全新方法，用于先进成像系统中的波前校正。关键技术突破是将高磁滞压电材料与简单的电极布局结合使用，以有效地定义单个执行器像素。基于新开发的压电材料的大量残余变形，HDM的“一劳永逸”特性有助于使用时分多路复用来寻址单个像素，而无需使用高更新频率来避免像素漂移。结合简单的电极布局，