ABSTRACT

Over the course of the 2010s, one objective of HIV prevention efforts in Peru’s Amazonian region has been to mitigate the adverse effects of discrimination on transgender communities. Some of the technical experts implementing these efforts in the city of Tarapoto referred to ‘cultivating a culture of denouncement’ as a shorthand for this objective. This article juxtaposes two experiences of discrimination and subsequent efforts at seeking redress. While both involve trans women who were denied entry into a nightclub, one case was converted into a successful discrimination grievance while the other case was never formally codified as such. Ethnographic analysis of Yesika’s ‘unsuccessful’ case suggests that the imperative to file formal discrimination grievances as a form of HIV prevention, though intended to mitigate exclusion, paradoxically reinforces ethno-racial hierarchies, obscures the willful inaction of auxiliary municipal police, and subjects those who attempt denouncement to intensified allegations of being ‘scandalous.’ Yesika’s scandalous denouncement thus makes visible how preventing HIV is embedded in existing configurations of ethno-racial, gender, and sexual difference.

摘要

在 2010 年代，秘鲁亚马逊地区艾滋病毒预防工作的一个目标是减轻歧视对跨性别社区的不利影响。在塔拉波托市实施这些努力的一些技术专家将“培养谴责文化”称为实现这一目标的简写。本文将两种歧视经历和随后寻求补救的努力并列。虽然这两个案例都涉及被拒绝进入夜总会的跨性别女性，但一个案例被转化为成功的歧视申诉，而另一个案例从未被正式编入法典。对 Yesika 的“不成功”案例的人种学分析表明，将正式歧视申诉作为一种预防艾滋病毒的形式是必要的，尽管旨在减轻排斥，矛盾的是，它强化了民族-种族等级制度，掩盖了辅助市政警察的故意不作为，并使那些试图谴责的人受到更严厉的“可耻”指控。Yesika 的诽谤性谴责由此可见，预防 HIV 是如何嵌入在现有的民族-种族、性别和性别差异结构中的。