During the four month-long 2018 Kilauea Lower East Rift Zone (LERZ) eruption, the bulk chemical compositions of magma ranged from basalt to andesite. This unusual compositional variety (for a single eruption of a shield volcano) was reflected in eruptive style, which ranged from Hawaiian fountaining to Strombolian explosions. Here, we have quantified the evolution of the melt viscosity of these eruptive products through high-temperature laboratory experiments performed on a representative sample set that was collected in the field immediately after the eruptive series. This suite of 17 samples comprises all major eruptive phases (early phase I, late phase I, phase II, phase III, fissure 17). The results illustrate the significant rheological variability of the eruptive products, and appear to be linked to variations in eruption dynamics. We propose a new standard for the rheological study of a multi-episode effusive eruption, whereby precise, near-real-time results are obtained during ongoing eruptions will become a routine component of volcano monitoring during future eruptive events.

Plain language summary

During the 2018 eruption of Kilauea, emerging magma spanned a wider compositional range than ever previously observed during a single eruption. This compositional variety was matched by a variety in eruptive styles, which ranged from more gentle fountaining to more violent explosions. Immediately after the eruption ceased, we collected a representative suite of 17 samples in the field, which comprises all major eruptive phases (early phase I, late phase I, phase II, phase III, fissure 17). We measured the melt viscosity of such samples through high-temperature laboratory experiments. The results illustrate a significant variability in viscosity, which is directly linked to the highly variable eruption dynamics. Here we propose a new standard for the study of multi-episode effusive eruptions from a viscosity standpoint. We hope and expect that this methodology will become routine practice during future eruption.

中文翻译：

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2018年基拉韦厄火山喷发期间岩浆液体流变演化的下限

在为期四个月的2018年基拉韦厄下东裂谷带（LERZ）喷发期间，岩浆的主要化学成分范围从玄武岩到安山岩。这种不寻常的成分变化（对于盾构火山的一次喷发）以喷发的形式反映出来，从夏威夷的喷泉到斯特伦伯利亚的爆炸不等。在这里，我们通过对具有代表性的样品组进行高温实验室实验，对这些爆发性产品的熔体粘度的演变进行了量化，该系列样品是在爆发性系列之后立即在现场收集的。这组17个样本包括所有主要喷发阶段（早期I期，晚期I期，II期，III期，裂隙17）。这些结果说明了喷发产物的明显流变性，并且似乎与喷发动力学的变化有关。

普通语言摘要

在2018年基拉韦厄火山喷发期间，新兴岩浆的成分范围比单次喷发期间所观察到的范围要大。这种构图风格与各种喷发风格相匹配，从更柔和的喷泉到更猛烈的爆炸，应有尽有。喷发停止后，我们立即在野外收集了包括17个样品在内的一组代表性样品，其中包括所有主要喷发期（I期初期，I期晚期，II期，III期，裂隙17）。我们通过高温实验室实验测量了此类样品的熔体粘度。结果表明，粘度具有显着变化，这与喷发动力学高度可变直接相关。在这里，我们从粘度的角度提出了一种用于研究多段喷发性喷发的新标准。