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Long-lived stable shelf deposition along Gondwana's southern margin during the Ordovician-Silurian: Inferences from UPb detrital zircon ages of the Table Mountain Group (South Africa) and correlatives in Argentina and the Falklands/Malvinas Islands
Chemical Geology ( IF 3.6 ) Pub Date : 2021-04-23 , DOI: 10.1016/j.chemgeo.2021.120274
Clarisa Vorster , Jan D. Kramers , Nicolas J. Beukes , Cameron R. Penn-Clarke

The Ordovician-Silurian siliciclastic units of the Table Mountain Group (TMG; Cape Supergroup) of the Cape Fold Belt (CFB) are classically considered to signify a period of long-lived sedimentation along the southern margin of southern Africa. Despite its vast, prominent outcrop, meaningful interpretations regarding the provenance of the TMG, based on a representative number of Usingle bondPb detrital zircon age fractions, remains lacking. Within southern Gondwana, the TMG succession is considered broadly time-correlative to the Sierra del Volcan and Balcarce formations of the Sierras Tandilia and lowermost successions of the Ventana Group of the Sierras Australes in Argentina and the Port Stephens Formation of the West Falkland Group (WFG) in the Falkland/Malvinas Islands and Natal Group (South Africa). Usingle bondPb detrital zircon ages have previously been reported for the Balcarce Formation and Ventana and West Falkland groups. However, their age fractions have not necessarily been compared to the broadly time –equivalent units of the TMG. In addition to the overall scarcity of detrital zircon age data on the TMG, the validity of using conventional, qualitative probability density diagrams to display and interpret such data sets have come into question, with some authors arguing for a quantitative approach for comparing detrital zircon age data sets. A total of 1521 concordant Usingle bondPb detrital zircon ages and some 330 Lusingle bondHf isotope analysis for the Peninsula- and Skurweberg formations (TMG) are therefore contributed, from samples obtained throughout the CFB, along with detrital zircon age fractions for the Balcarce, Providencia and Port Stephens formations. A qualitative as well as quantitative approach to compare the Usingle bondPb detrital zircon age fractions measured for these units were adapted. Noticeable similarities among detrital zircon age fractions of the Peninsula- and Skurweberg formations throughout the western to south-eastern reaches of the CFB could be confirmed by quantitative pairwise comparisons. These point towards very little change in sediment source during the deposition of the lower to upper formations of the TMG during the Ordovician-Silurian. Pairwise comparisons of the TMG zircon age fractions to those of the Balcarce-, Providencia and Port Stephens formations revealed that they all have major late Neoproterozoic to Cambrian and a late Mesoproterozoic to early Neoproterozoic age fractions in common, with some minor contributions from Ordovician-Silurian sources. Due to the overlap in prevalent detrital zircon age fractions as well as Hf-isotope signature of these units, it is difficult to assign a specific provenance area for them with a fair amount of confidence, even if dominant palaeocurrent directions are considered. A quantitative pairwise comparison among data sets of the same or time-equivalent formation did not necessarily allow for age fractions from different source areas to be sufficiently distinguished from each other. In contrast to the classically inferred Namaqua-Natal Metamorphic Complex (NNMC) as source major proto-source for the TMG, it is argued that the sediment sources were located much further to the north such as the Damara and Mozambique belts, given that parts of the NNMC were likely denudated and covered by the sediments such as those of the Nama and Vanrhynsdorp Groups during the Ordovician-Silurian. Older sedimentary successions such as the Nama Group, were likely recycled during the deposition of the TMG: a scenario which also provides a feasible explanation for the noticeable lack of Archean ages among the detrital zircon age fractions. The ages of the youngest detrital zircon fraction conforms to the maximum age of deposition as proposed in literature, although the newly reported ages does not allow for more stringent cross-basin correlations. Regions within Patagonia, considered to have been in relatively close proximity to the relevant depositories, and possibly the Famatinian Belt (Argentina), are considered the source of the youngest Ordovician-Silurian detrital zircons.



中文翻译:

奥陶纪单键-lur陵纪期间冈瓦纳南部边缘长期稳定的陆架沉积:来自桌山群(南非)的U Pb碎屑锆石年龄以及阿根廷和福克兰群岛/马尔维纳斯群岛的相关资料的推论

折角带(CFB)的桌山群(TMG;超群角)的奥陶纪-lur柳硅质碎屑岩单元通常被认为标志着南部非洲南部边缘一段长期的沉积期。尽管有大量突出的露头单键,但仍缺乏基于UPb碎屑锆石年龄分数的代表性的有关TMG起源的有意义的解释。在冈瓦纳南部,TMG的继承被广泛认为与Tandilia山脉的Sierra del Volcan和Balcarce地层以及阿根廷的Sierras Australes的Ventana集团和西福克兰集团(WFG)的史蒂芬斯港的最低继承有关。 )在福克兰/马尔维纳斯群岛和纳塔尔小组(南非)中。ü单键Balcarce组,Ventana和West Falkland组以前曾报道过Pb碎屑锆石年龄。但是,未必将其年龄分数与TMG的大致时间单位进行比较。除了TMG上碎屑锆石年龄数据的总体稀缺性之外,使用常规的,定性的概率密度图来显示和解释此类数据集的有效性也受到质疑,一些作者争辩说一种定量方法来比较碎屑锆石年龄。数据集。共有1521个一致的U 单键Pb碎屑锆石年龄和约330个Lu单键因此,从整个CFB采集的样品以及Balcarce,Providencecia和Stephen Stephens地层的碎屑锆石年龄分数中,得出了半岛和Skurweberg地层(TMG)的Hf同位素分析。定性和定量方法比较U单键调整了这些单位测得的Pb碎屑锆石年龄分数。CFB西部到东南部半岛和Skurweberg地层的碎屑锆石年龄分数之间存在明显的相似性,这可以通过定量成对比较得到证实。这表明在奥陶纪-Si里奥期TMG下部地层到上部地层的沉积过程中,沉积物来源几乎没有变化。将TMG锆石年龄分数与Balcarce-,Providencia和Stephen Stephens地层的分数进行成对比较,发现它们都具有主要的新元古代晚期至寒武纪以及中元古代晚期至新元古代早期年龄分数,而奥陶纪-西陆纪的贡献较小资料来源。由于这些碎屑锆石的普遍年龄年龄部分重叠以及这些单元的Hf同位素特征,即使考虑了主要的古洋流方向,也很难以足够的可信度为它们分配特定出处区域。在相同或时间等效地层的数据集之间进行定量成对比较,不一定能使来自不同来源地区的年龄分数彼此充分地区分。与经典推断的纳马夸-纳塔尔变质综合体(NNMC)是TMG的主要原始物相比,有人认为沉积物源位于北部,例如达马拉(Damara)和莫桑比克带,鉴于NNMC的某些部分可能被剥蚀和覆盖,如奥陶纪-lur里奥期的Nama和Vanrhynsdorp群的沉积物。较早的沉积演替,例如Nama组,可能在TMG沉积过程中被回收:这种情况也为碎屑锆石年龄组分中明显缺乏太古宙时代提供了可行的解释。最年轻的碎屑锆石馏分的年龄符合文献中提出的最大沉积年龄,尽管新近报道的年龄不允许更严格的跨盆地相关性。巴塔哥尼亚境内被认为与相关矿藏相对较近的地区,可能还有法马汀带(阿根廷),被认为是最年轻的奥陶纪-西陆纪碎屑锆石的来源。

更新日期:2021-04-30
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