ABSTRACT

A growing literature, much of it with cross-national comparisons, employs geographic lenses to secure insights into educational studies. Most of this literature focuses on schooling, though parts address kindergartens and higher education. The present paper, by contrast, employs geographic lenses to focus on the shadow education system of private supplementary tutoring. It is called shadow education because much of its content mimics that in schooling, but the paper shows that many dynamics are significantly different from those in schooling. Insights may be gained not only from physical geography but also from political, economic, cultural and pedagogical geography – and from relationships between them. Intra-national, cross-national and cross-cultural comparisons show forces in a domain that is gathering momentum across the globe and causing significant shifts in the overall nature and role of education.

摘要

越来越多的文献（其中大部分带有跨国比较）采用地理视角来确保对教育研究的洞察力。这些文献的大部分重点是学校教育，但也有部分涉及幼儿园和高等教育。相比之下，本文采用地理视角来关注私人补习的影子教育体系。它之所以被称为影子教育，是因为它的大部分内容都模仿了学校教育中的内容，但该论文表明，许多动态与学校教育中的内容有很大不同。洞察力不仅可以从自然地理中获得，还可以从政治、经济、文化和教育地理以及它们之间的关系中获得。国内,