Background

Evidence suggests a complex interplay between infections and allergic diseases.

Objective

To explore the association of 14 common viruses with eczema, asthma, and rhinoconjunctivitis in childhood.

Methods

We used cross-sectional (n = 686) and prospective (n = 440) data from children participating in the Rhea birth cohort. Immunoglobulin G to polyomaviruses (BK polyomavirus, JC polyomavirus, KI polyomavirus [KIPyV], WU polyomavirus [WUPyV], human polyomavirus 6, human polyomavirus 7, Trichodysplasia spinulosa polyomavirus, Merkel cell polyomavirus, human polyomavirus 9, and human polyomavirus 10) and herpesviruses (Epstein-Barr virus, Cytomegalovirus, Herpes simplex virus-1, Herpes simplex virus-2) were measured at age 4 years by fluorescent bead-based multiplex serology. Definitions of eczema, asthma, and rhinoconjunctivitis at ages 4 and 6 years were based on questionnaires. Mediation of the associations by immune biomarkers was tested.

Results

Less likely to have eczema at age 4 years were KIPyV-seropositive (odds ratio [OR], 0.47; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.27-0.82) and human polyomavirus 6 (OR, 0.44; 95% CI, 0.26-0.73) compared with their seronegative counterparts. Seropositivity to Epstein-Barr virus was negatively associated with eczema at age 4 years (OR, 0.39; 95% CI, 0.22-0.67) and 6 years (OR, 0.50; 95% CI, 0.25-0.99). Children with a higher burden of herpesviruses or of skin polyomaviruses had the lowest odds of eczema at age 4 years. Higher odds for asthma at age 4 years were found for WUPyV-seropositive children (OR, 3.98; 95% CI, 1.38-11.51), and for children seropositive to both respiratory polyomaviruses (KIPyV and WUPyV) (OR, 7.35; 95% CI, 1.66-32.59) compared with children seronegative to both. No associations were observed for rhinoconjunctivitis. There was no evidence of mediation by immune biomarkers.

Conclusion

A heterogeneous pattern of infections and allergic diseases was observed with common infections associated with a decreased eczema risk and an increased asthma risk in children.

中文翻译：

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多瘤病毒和疱疹病毒与儿童期过敏相关表型的异质关联

背景

证据表明感染和过敏性疾病之间存在复杂的相互作用。

客观的

探讨 14 种常见病毒与儿童湿疹、哮喘和鼻结膜炎的关系。

方法

我们使用了参与 Rhea 出生队列的儿童的横断面 (n = 686) 和前瞻性 (n = 440) 数据。免疫球蛋白 G 对多瘤病毒（BK 多瘤病毒、JC 多瘤病毒、KI 多瘤病毒 [KIPyV]、WU 多瘤病毒 [WUPyV]、人多瘤病毒 6、人多瘤病毒 7、棘状毛发育不良多瘤病毒、默克尔细胞多瘤病毒、人多瘤病毒 9 和人多瘤病毒 10）和疱疹病毒（Epstein-Barr 病毒、巨细胞病毒、单纯疱疹病毒-1、单纯疱疹病毒-2）在 4 岁时通过基于荧光珠的多重血清学进行测量。4 岁和 6 岁湿疹、哮喘和鼻结膜炎的定义基于问卷调查。测试了免疫生物标志物对关联的中介作用。

结果

4 岁时患湿疹的可能性较小的是 KIPyV 血清阳性（优势比 [OR]，0.47；95% 置信区间 [CI]，0.27-0.82）和人类多瘤病毒 6（OR，0.44；95% CI，0.26-0.73） ) 与其血清反应阴性对应物相比。在 4 岁（OR，0.39；95% CI，0.22-0.67）和 6 岁（OR，0.50；95% CI，0.25-0.99）时，Epstein-Barr 病毒的血清阳性与湿疹呈负相关。疱疹病毒或皮肤多瘤病毒负担较高的儿童在 4 岁时患湿疹的几率最低。WUPyV 血清阳性儿童（OR，3.98；95% CI，1.38-11.51）和呼吸道多瘤病毒（KIPyV 和 WUPyV）血清阳性儿童（OR，7.35；95% CI）在 4 岁时哮喘的几率更高, 1.66-32.59) 与儿童血清学阴性相比。没有观察到与鼻结膜炎的关联。

结论

观察到感染和过敏性疾病的异质模式，常见感染与儿童湿疹风险降低和哮喘风险增加相关。