In this second and final part of the collection of articles for the Immunology of Diabetes Society review series on insights into pathogenesis of type 1 diabetes, we present two articles. The first of these covers a debate that took place in the Immunology of Diabetes Society meeting in London 2018, in which five investigators presented a case for specific immune cells/targets to be the ‘Achilles Heel of type 1 diabetes’. The second article presents further insights into the generation of post‐translationally modified peptides. It focuses upon mechanisms and processes that lead to new potentially autoantigenic targets for CD8⁺ T cells, and complements the review of new hybrid peptide targets for CD4⁺ T cells in the first part of our series.

中文翻译：

---

1 型糖尿病发病机制的历史和新见解 (2)

在糖尿病免疫学协会综述系列文章的第二部分（也是最后一部分）中，我们介绍了两篇文章，以深入了解 1 型糖尿病的发病机制。其中第一个涉及 2018 年伦敦糖尿病学会免疫学会议上发生的一场辩论，其中五名研究人员提出了特定免疫细胞/靶点是“1 型糖尿病的致命弱点”的案例。第二篇文章提出了对翻译后修饰肽的生成的进一步见解。它重点关注导致 CD8 ⁺ T 细胞新的潜在自身抗原靶标的机制和过程，并补充了我们系列第一部分中对 CD4 ⁺ T 细胞的新混合肽靶标的回顾。