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Extended divergence estimates and species descriptions of new craspedid choanoflagellates from the Atacama Desert, Northern Chile
European Journal of Protistology ( IF 1.9 ) Pub Date : 2021-04-23 , DOI: 10.1016/j.ejop.2021.125798
Sabine Schiwitza 1 , Lennart Gutsche 1 , Eric Freches 1 , Hartmut Arndt 1 , Frank Nitsche 1
Affiliation  

In contrast to previous perspectives, hypersaline environments have been proven to harbour a variety of potentially highly adapted microorganisms, in particular unicellular eukaryotes. The isolated, hypersaline waterbodies in the Atacama Desert, Northern Chile are exposed to high UV radiation and deposition of toxic heavy metals, making them of great interest regarding studies on speciation and evolutionary processes. In the past two years, among a variety of other protist species, five new species of heterotrophic choanoflagellates were described and analysed from this area, showing an adaptation to a broad range of salinities. Morphological data alone does not allow for species delineation within craspedid species, additional molecular data is essential for modern taxonomy. In addition, molecular clock analyses pointed towards a strong selection force of the extreme environmental conditions. Within this study, we describe three additional craspedid choanoflagellate species, isolated from different aquatic environments. Phylogenetic analyses show two distinct clades of choanoflagellates from the Atacama, suggesting two independent invasions of at least two ancestral marine species, and, as indicated by our new data, a possible dispersal by Andean aquifers. The extended molecular clock analysis based on transcriptomic data of choanoflagellate strains from the Salar de Llamará, a hypersaline basin within the Central Depression of the Atacama Desert, reflects colonisation and divergence events which correspond to geological data of the paleohydrology.



中文翻译:

智利北部阿塔卡马沙漠中新的钩状鞭毛鞭毛虫的扩展差异估计和物种描述

与以前的观点相反,高盐环境已被证明具有各种潜在高度适应的微生物,特别是单细胞真核生物。智利北部阿塔卡马沙漠中孤立的高盐水体暴露于高紫外线辐射下并沉积有毒重金属,这使它们对物种形成和进化过程的研究产生了极大的兴趣。在过去的两年中,在该地区的其他多种原生生物物种中,描述并分析了五种新的异养性鞭毛鞭毛藻物种,显示出对多种盐度的适应性。单凭形态学数据就无法在濒危物种中进行物种划分,另外的分子数据对于现代生物分类学来说是必不可少的。此外,分子时钟分析指出了在极端环境条件下的强大选择力。在这项研究中,我们描述了从不同的水生环境中分离出来的另外三个新的鞭毛鞭毛藻物种。系统发育分析显示来自阿塔卡马的两个鞭毛鞭毛类,表明至少两个祖先海洋物种发生了两次独立入侵,并且,正如我们的新数据所表明的,安第斯含水层可能会散布。基于来自阿塔卡马沙漠中部凹陷内高盐盆地萨拉拉德拉马拉的鞭毛鞭形藻菌株的转录组数据的扩展分子钟分析,反映了与古水文学地质数据相对应的定殖和散布事件。我们描述了从不同的水生环境中分离出来的另外三个草皮鞭毛藻物种。系统发育分析显示来自阿塔卡马的两个鞭毛鞭毛类,表明至少两个祖先海洋物种发生了两次独立入侵,并且,正如我们的新数据所表明的,安第斯含水层可能会散布。基于来自阿塔卡马沙漠中部凹陷内高盐盆地萨拉拉德拉马拉的鞭毛鞭形藻菌株的转录组数据的扩展分子钟分析,反映了与古水文学地质数据相对应的定殖和散布事件。我们描述了从不同的水生环境中分离出来的另外三个草皮鞭毛藻物种。系统发育分析显示来自阿塔卡马的两个鞭毛鞭毛类,表明至少两个祖先海洋物种发生了两次独立入侵,并且,正如我们的新数据所表明的,安第斯含水层可能会散布。基于来自阿塔卡马沙漠中部凹陷内高盐盆地萨拉拉德拉马拉的鞭毛鞭形藻菌株的转录组数据的扩展分子钟分析,反映了与古水文学地质数据相对应的定殖和散布事件。这表明至少有两个祖先海洋物种发生了两次独立入侵,而且正如我们的新数据所表明的,安第斯含水层可能会扩散。基于来自阿塔卡马沙漠中部凹陷内高盐盆地撒拉尔德拉马拉的鞭毛鞭形藻菌株的转录组数据的扩展分子钟分析,反映了与古水文学地质数据相对应的定殖和散布事件。这表明至少有两个祖先海洋物种发生了两次独立入侵,而且正如我们的新数据所表明的,安第斯含水层可能会扩散。基于来自阿塔卡马沙漠中部凹陷内高盐盆地萨拉拉德拉马拉的鞭毛鞭形藻菌株的转录组数据的扩展分子钟分析,反映了与古水文学地质数据相对应的定殖和散布事件。

更新日期:2021-05-11
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