While being major greenhouse gas (GHG) emitters, cities also suffer some of the most severe climate change impacts. Urban forests have gained increasing recognition as nature-based solutions to climate change via the various benefits they provide, such as carbon sequestration and temperature regulation. Many cities have developed climate change and/or urban forest policies to enhance climate resilience and support urban livability. However, it is still unclear whether these policies consider and address potential alignment between climate action and urban forest planning and management. This study explored whether and to what extent urban forest and climate change policies are mutually supportive and reinforcing, by conducting a review of climate change and urban forest policies in the largest 20 Canadian cities. Results suggest significant gaps and discrepancies between these policies, across and within study cities, indicating potential weaknesses related to stakeholder/actor engagement, policy integration, departmental collaboration and communication, and cohesive management priorities and practices. Only three (15 %) of the cities have developed climate change and urban forest policies that align to some extent. Furthermore, despite some commonalities, most cities defined their urban forests differently, highlighting locally-specific understanding and needs in addition to a lack of cohesion across Canadian municipalities concerning urban forest planning and management. Across most cities, both types of policies included general and locally-relevant information related to impacts of climate change. However, gaps and inconsistencies found between and within many municipalities’ policies may present a major barrier to effective policy implementation and mutually-reinforcing management actions. Areas for improvement are suggested for policy planning and implementation to ensure alignment between urban forest and climate change policies, which should also prove useful for municipalities outside of the study scope.

城市虽然是主要的温室气体排放者，但也遭受了一些最严重的气候变化影响。城市森林通过其提供的各种好处（例如固存碳和调节温度），已成为基于自然的气候变化解决方案，因而得到越来越多的认可。许多城市已经制定了气候变化和/或城市森林政策，以增强气候适应能力并支持城市宜居性。但是，目前尚不清楚这些政策是否考虑并解决了气候行动与城市森林规划与管理之间的潜在契合。这项研究通过对加拿大最大的20个城市的气候变化和城市森林政策进行回顾，探讨了城市森林和气候变化政策是否相互支持以及在多大程度上相互支持和加强。结果表明，研究城市之间和内部的这些政策之间存在巨大差距和差异，表明与利益相关者/参与者参与，政策整合，部门协作和沟通以及凝聚的管理优先事项和实践相关的潜在弱点。只有三个城市（15％）制定了在一定程度上协调一致的气候变化和城市森林政策。此外，尽管存在一些共通之处，但大多数城市对城市森林的定义有所不同，除了在加拿大各城市之间缺乏关于城市森林规划和管理的凝聚力外，还强调了当地特定的理解和需求。在大多数城市中，这两种类型的政策都包括与气候变化影响有关的一般性信息和与地方相关的信息。然而，许多市政当局政策之间和内部的差距和矛盾之处可能构成有效实施政策和相互加强管理行动的主要障碍。建议在政策规划和实施中有待改进的地方，以确保城市森林与气候变化政策之间保持一致，这也应被证明对研究范围之外的市政当局很有用。