Authentication and authorization (A & A) mechanisms are critical to the security of Internet of Things (IoT) applications. Smart grid system processing and exchanging data without human intervention, known as smart grids, are well-known as IoT scenarios. Entities in such smart grid systems need to identify and validate one another and ensure the integrity of data exchange mechanisms. However, at present, most commonly used A & A protocols are centralized, resulting in security risks such as information leaks, illegal access, and identity theft. In this study, we propose a new distributed A & A protocol for smart grid networks based on blockchain technology to address with these risks. The proposed protocol integrates the decentralized authentication and immutable ledger characteristics of blockchain architectures suitable for power systems with a novel blockchain technique to realize both identity authentication and resource authorization for smart grid systems. We discuss the security of and threat models for prior A & A protocols and demonstrate how our protocol protects against these threats. We further demonstrate an approach to a real deployment of our A & A protocol using the FISCO consortium platform, applying algorithms from smart contract systems. Finally, we present the results of experimental simulations showing the efficacy and efficiency of our proposed protocol.

中文翻译：

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基于分布式区块链的智能电网认证与授权协议

身份验证和授权（A＆A）机制对于物联网（IoT）应用程序的安全性至关重要。在没有人为干预的情况下，智能电网系统处理和交换数据的过程被称为IoT场景，这被称为智能网格。这种智能电网系统中的实体需要相互识别和验证，并确保数据交换机制的完整性。但是，目前，最常用的A＆A协议是集中式的，导致安全隐患，例如信息泄漏，非法访问和身份盗用。在这项研究中，我们提出了一种新的基于区块链技术的智能电网分布式A＆A协议来应对这些风险。拟议的协议将适用于电力系统的区块链架构的分散式身份验证和不变账本特性与一种新颖的区块链技术相集成，以实现智能电网系统的身份认证和资源授权。我们讨论了先前A＆A协议的安全性和威胁模型，并演示了我们的协议如何防范这些威胁。我们进一步演示了使用FISCO财团平台，应用智能合约系统中的算法来实际部署A＆A协议的方法。最后，我们介绍了实验仿真的结果，显示了我们提出的协议的功效和效率。我们讨论了先前A＆A协议的安全性和威胁模型，并演示了我们的协议如何防范这些威胁。我们进一步演示了使用FISCO财团平台，应用智能合约系统中的算法来实际部署A＆A协议的方法。最后，我们介绍了实验仿真的结果，显示了我们提出的协议的功效和效率。我们讨论了先前A＆A协议的安全性和威胁模型，并演示了我们的协议如何防范这些威胁。我们进一步演示了使用FISCO财团平台，应用智能合约系统中的算法来实际部署A＆A协议的方法。最后，我们介绍了实验仿真的结果，显示了我们提出的协议的功效和效率。