Routing requests in industrial wireless sensor networks (IWSNs) are always restricted by QoS. Therefore, finding a high-quality routing path is a key problem. In this paper, a clone adaptive whale optimization algorithm (CAWOA) is designed for reducing the routing energy consumption of IWSNs with QoS constraints, and a novel clone operator is proposed. More importantly, CAWOA innovatively adopts a discrete binary-based routing coding method, which provides strong support for optimal routing schemes. In addition, a novel routing model of IWSNs combined with QoS constraints has been designed, which involves comprehensive consideration of bandwidth, delay, delay jitter, and packet loss rate. Subsequently, in a series of simulations, the proposed algorithm is compared with other heuristic-based routing algorithms, namely, whale optimization algorithm (WOA), simulated annealing (SA), particle swarm optimization (PSO), and genetic algorithm (GA). The simulation results suggest that the CAWOA-based routing algorithm outperforms other methods in terms of routing energy consumption, convergence speed, and optimization ability. Compared with GA, SA, PSO, and WOA under the conditions that the number of nodes is 120, the maximum delay is 120 ms, the maximum delay jitter is 25 ms, the maximum bandwidth is 9 Mbps, and the packet loss rate is 0.02; the energy consumption of CAWOA-based routing is reduced by 12%, 17%, 19%, and 7%, respectively.

中文翻译：

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IWSNs中基于克隆自适应鲸鱼优化算法的QoS路由能耗优化新方法

工业无线传感器网络（IWSN）中的路由请求始终受QoS限制。因此，找到高质量的路由路径是一个关键问题。本文设计了一种克隆自适应鲸鱼优化算法（CAWOA），以减少具有QoS约束的IWSN的路由能耗，并提出了一种新颖的克隆算子。更重要的是，CAWOA创新地采用了一种基于二进制的离散路由编码方法，该方法为最佳路由方案提供了有力的支持。此外，还设计了一种结合QoS约束的新型IWSN路由模型，该模型综合考虑了带宽，延迟，延迟抖动和丢包率。随后，在一系列仿真中，将提出的算法与其他基于启发式的路由算法进行了比较，即 鲸优化算法（WOA），模拟退火（SA），粒子群优化（PSO）和遗传算法（GA）。仿真结果表明，基于CAWOA的路由算法在路由能耗，收敛速度和优化能力方面优于其他方法。与GA，SA，PSO和WOA相比，节点数为120，最大延迟为120 ms，最大延迟抖动为25 ms，最大带宽为9 Mbps，丢包率为0.02 ; 基于CAWOA的路由的能耗分别降低了12％，17％，19％和7％。收敛速度快，优化能力强。与GA，SA，PSO和WOA相比，节点数为120，最大延迟为120 ms，最大延迟抖动为25 ms，最大带宽为9 Mbps，丢包率为0.02 ; 基于CAWOA的路由的能耗分别降低了12％，17％，19％和7％。收敛速度快，优化能力强。与GA，SA，PSO和WOA相比，节点数为120，最大延迟为120 ms，最大延迟抖动为25 ms，最大带宽为9 Mbps，丢包率为0.02 ; 基于CAWOA的路由的能耗分别降低了12％，17％，19％和7％。