当前位置: X-MOL 学术Environmental History › 论文详情
Our official English website, www.x-mol.net, welcomes your feedback! (Note: you will need to create a separate account there.)
Absorbing Waste, Displacing Labor: Family, Environment, and the Disposable Diaper in the 1970s
Environmental History ( IF 0.6 ) Pub Date : 2021-03-17 , DOI: 10.1093/envhis/emaa080
Kendra Smith-Howard

Abstract
Between 1965 and 1980, disposable diapers became the norm among middle-class American families, altering resource flows as they became more popular. Diapers crafted from wood and water of the United States, primarily from the South—rather than that region’s cotton—covered infant bottoms. The turn to single-use diapers also transformed knowledge production. For the first half of the twentieth century, women had carried out the interrelated tasks of making diapers, caring for children, and laundering diapers. This work informed women’s understandings of children’s bodies and the material world. By the 1950s, pre-folded diapers and home washing machines simplified the acts of diaper creation and maintenance and associated this work ever more strongly with the household. In the 1970s, economic pressures and feminism prompted families to rethink the way they cared for infants’ wastes as disposable diapers simplified household work, and shifting cultural norms encouraged their adoption. Thus, families embraced them. The work of maintaining diapers was replaced with the work of disposal. This history of the disposable diaper centers on reproductive work, tracing the tasks inherent in diapering as well as the shifting social norms and codes that legitimized disposable diapers. Ultimately, the disposable diaper not only offers lessons about the costs of a disposable society but also new insights about changing dynamics of family life and their impact on the environment in the 1970s.


中文翻译:

吸收废物,替代劳动力:1970年代的家庭,环境和一次性尿布

摘要
在1965年至1980年之间,一次性尿布成为美国中产阶级家庭的普遍习惯,随着它们的流行,资源的流动性发生了变化。用美国的木材和水制成的尿布,主要是南方(而不是该地区的棉花),覆盖了婴儿底部。转向一次性尿布也改变了知识生产。在二十世纪上半叶,妇女从事着相互关联的任务,包括制作尿布,照顾孩子和洗尿布。这项工作使妇女了解了儿童的身体和物质世界。到1950年代,预折叠的尿布和家用洗衣机简化了尿布的制作和维护过程,并将这项工作与家庭联系得越来越紧密。在1970年代,经济压力和女权主义促使家庭重新考虑照顾婴儿废物的方式,因为一次性尿布简化了家务劳动,而不断变化的文化规范也鼓励他们采用这种方式。因此,家人拥抱了他们。维护尿布的工作被处理工作所取代。一次性尿布的历史以生殖工作为中心,追踪尿布固有的任务以及不断变化的使一次性尿布合法化的社会规范和法规。最终,一次性尿布不仅提供了有关一次性社会成本的课程,而且还提供了有关改变家庭生活动态及其对1970年代环境的影响的新见解。家庭拥抱他们。维护尿布的工作被处理工作所取代。一次性尿布的历史以生殖工作为中心,追溯了尿布固有的任务以及不断变化的使一次性尿布合法化的社会规范和法规。最终,一次性尿布不仅提供了有关一次性社会成本的课程,而且还提供了有关改变家庭生活动态及其对1970年代环境的影响的新见解。家庭拥抱他们。维护尿布的工作被处理工作所取代。一次性尿布的历史以生殖工作为中心,追踪尿布固有的任务以及不断变化的使一次性尿布合法化的社会规范和法规。最终,一次性尿布不仅提供了有关一次性社会成本的课程,而且还提供了有关改变家庭生活动态及其对1970年代环境的影响的新见解。
更新日期:2021-04-23
down
wechat
bug