To avoid major accidents caused by runaway reactions, a new safety concept called SmartHIP¹ is introduced, with the objective to prevent runaway reactions and avoid emissions. The basic principle is based on an online model-based approach by using safety instrumented systems. Different criteria exist for calculating the hazard potential of a runaway reaction and its early detection. The approaches of the literature from the last years are analysed and divided into three different groups: Divergence, Accumulation and Adiabatic Criterion. Each approach is compared to the other by applying it to an esterification reaction of acetic anhydride with methanol. The approaches are evaluated according to different requirements, like accuracy, wide range of application or reliability.

为避免因反应失控引起的重大事故，引入了称为SmartHIP ¹的新安全概念，旨在防止反应失控并避免排放。基本原理基于使用安全仪表系统的基于在线模型的方法。计算失控反应的潜在危险及其早期检测存在不同的标准。对过去几年的文献方法进行分析并将其分为三组：发散、累积和绝热标准。通过将每种方法应用于乙酸酐与甲醇的酯化反应，将每种方法与另一种方法进行比较。这些方法根据不同的要求进行评估，例如准确性、广泛的应用或可靠性。