This study sought to analyze the particulate matter (PM) deposited on the surface of pine needles (Pinus densiflora) and pollutants within the needles and to investigate their utility as bioindicators. First-year needles of pines native to South Korea were collected at least 2 m above the ground. A total of four sampling points were selected: two parks around an industrial complex and two urban parks. After desorbing the PM deposited on the surface of the collected needles using ultrasonic waves, the PM and needles were classified; 21 metals, including Pb, contained in each medium were analyzed using inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). Useful bioindicators for air-pollution monitoring among the PM deposited on the needles included Al, As, Be, Cd, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mn, Ni, Pb, Ba, Bi, Cs, Li, Rb, Se, Sr, Tl, U, V, and Zn contents. In an analysis of elements identified in PM and needles, Al and Mn were determined to be equally useful as monitoring indicators across a wide area. Elements with high concentrations in pine needles due to PM deposition were As, Cu, Mn, Ni, Pb, Rb, and Sr. The pine needles themselves accounted for 99.95% of the combined mass of the needles and PM, with PM representing only 0.053% of the combined mass. Therefore, washing is expected to have little effect on the pollutant concentrations within the needles.

这项研究试图分析沉积在松针（Pinus densiflora）表面的颗粒物（PM）。）和针头内的污染物，并研究其作为生物指示剂的用途。在距地面至少2 m的地方采集了第一年生于韩国的松树针。总共选择了四个采样点：一个工业园区周围的两个公园和两个城市公园。用超声波解吸沉积在收集到的针头表面上的PM后，对PM和针头进行分类。使用电感耦合等离子体质谱法（ICP-MS）对每种介质中包含的21种金属（包括Pb）进行了分析。用于监测沉积在针头上的PM中的空气污染的有用生物指示剂包括Al，As，Be，Cd，Cr，Cu，Fe，Mn，Ni，Pb，Ba，Bi，Cs，Li，Rb，Se，Sr，Tl ，U，V和Zn含量。在对PM和针头中鉴定出的元素进行分析时，确定了Al和Mn在大范围内均可用作监测指标。由于PM沉积，松针中的高浓度元素为As，Cu，Mn，Ni，Pb，Rb和Sr.松针本身占针和PM的总质量的99.95％，其中PM仅占0.053占总质量的百分比。因此，预期清洗对针头内的污染物浓度影响很小。