Jacob Anatoli (c. 1181–c. 1247 CE) would seem an unlikely skeptic. As the Hebrew translator responsible for bringing a complete program of Aristotelian logic to European Jewry, he is an unlikely skeptic of science. As author of one of the most influential medieval commentaries on the Bible, he is an unlikely skeptic of religious belief. Still, he advances arguments against the possibility of certain knowledge of both Aristotelian science and the tenets of belief. Yet, he does not recommend that thoughtful people reject science and uncritically adopt religious beliefs in the face of uncertainty. Nor does Anatoli recommend a suspension of judgement (epoche) that would allow for freedom from worry (ataraxia) or tranquility. Instead, he pushes constant dialogue, even debate between competing claims to knowledge. The life of the mind that Anatoli recommends, then, is a dialectical interrogation of science and religion that provides not freedom and tranquility but intellectual disquiet and toil.

中文翻译：

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雅各布·阿纳托利的辩证法和形而上学怀疑论

Jacob Anatoli ( c . 1181– c . 1247 CE) 似乎不太可能是怀疑论者。作为负责为欧洲犹太人带来完整的亚里士多德逻辑程序的希伯来语翻译，他不太可能对科学持怀疑态度。作为中世纪最有影响力的圣经评论之一的作者，他不太可能对宗教信仰持怀疑态度。尽管如此，他还是提出了反对亚里士多德科学和信仰原则的某些知识的可能性的论点。然而，他不建议有思想的人在面对不确定性时拒绝科学，不加批判地接受宗教信仰。Anatoli 也不建议暂停判断 ( epoch ) 以使人们免于担忧 ( ataraxia )) 或安宁。相反，他推动不断的对话，甚至在相互竞争的知识主张之间进行辩论。因此，阿纳托利推荐的心灵生活是对科学和宗教的辩证审问，它提供的不是自由和安宁，而是智力上的不安和辛劳。