One of the most important economic principles is that people respond to incentives. Economics is essentially the study of incentives. However, whether these incentives can replace attitudes and norms that deserve our protection is still unclear especially in the field of environment. And to answer this question, residents’ demand response (DR) for energy conservation and emission reduction trials have been taken. Large-scale, hybrid frequency historical data for electricity usage and microcosmic behavior data have been integrated and analyzed. Empirical results show that monetary incentives have a significant effect on residents’ electricity saving behavior, which saved 0.116 kgwatt-hours (kWh), accounting for 12% of the total demand in peak-hour consumption. Moral suasion has a significant effect only for residents from high-income communities with a reduction in usage by 8.9%. Through matching survey data analysis, we found that families participating in DR save electricity through adjusting other major and small appliances rather than reducing the usage of air conditioners. Families with large number of major and small appliances response 0.51 kWh and 0.38 kWh more, respectively. Monetary incentive is indispensable in China's current stage of encouraging families’ reducing peak-hour electricity usage.

最重要的经济原则之一是人们对激励措施做出反应。经济学本质上是对激励的研究。但是，这些激励措施是否能够取代值得我们保护的态度和规范，目前尚不清楚，特别是在环境领域。为了回答这个问题，已经进行了居民对节能减排试验的需求响应（DR）。已对电力使用的大规模，混合频率历史数据和微观行为数据进行了集成和分析。实证结果表明，货币激励对居民的节电行为有显着影响，节省了0.116千瓦时（kWh），占高峰时段用电量总需求的12％。道德劝说仅对高收入社区的居民产生重大影响，使用量减少了8.9％。通过匹配的调查数据分析，我们发现参与灾难恢复的家庭可以通过调整其他大小电器来节省电力，而不是减少空调的使用。拥有大量大型和小型家电的家庭分别能多响应0.51 kWh和0.38 kWh。在当前鼓励家庭减少高峰时段用电量的现阶段，货币激励是必不可少的。拥有大量大型和小型家电的家庭分别能多响应0.51 kWh和0.38 kWh。在当前鼓励家庭减少高峰时段用电量的现阶段，货币激励是必不可少的。拥有大量大型和小型家电的家庭分别能多响应0.51 kWh和0.38 kWh。在当前鼓励家庭减少高峰时段用电量的现阶段，货币激励是必不可少的。