Institutionalization is a current problem, related to several indicators of psychological maladjustment. In the same way, there are several studies that point to the role of shame and self-criticism in the development of psychopathology. Therefore, our study explored, in institutionalized adolescents, whether early memories of warmth and safeness (EMWS) were associated to depression through external shame and self-criticism. The sample included 171 institutionalized adolescents (60.2% girls; Mage = 15.56; SD = 1.49). Depression, EMWS, external shame and self-criticism were assessed. The EMWS didn’t show a direct effect on depression, exerting its effect indirectly through external shame and self-criticism. The relationship between EMWS and self-criticism was fully mediated by external shame, and the relationship between external shame and depression was fully mediated by self-criticism. In conclusion, the way the individual sees and relates to the self seems to impact on psychological adjustment and in the development of psychopathology. The fact that external shame and self-criticism fully mediated the relationship between EMWS and depression emphasizes the relevance of preventive and therapeutic approaches that aim to promote a healthier way of relating to the self.

中文翻译：

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制度化青少年的抑郁症：温暖和安全、羞耻和自我批评的记忆的作用

制度化是当前的一个问题，与心理失调的几个指标有关。同样，有几项研究指出了羞耻和自我批评在精神病理学发展中的作用。因此，我们的研究探讨了在制度化的青少年中，温暖和安全的早期记忆（EMWS）是否与通过外部羞耻和自我批评而产生的抑郁有关。样本包括 171 名被收容的青少年（60.2% 为女孩；米年龄= 15.56;标清= 1.49）。评估了抑郁、EMWS、外部羞耻和自我批评。EMWS 没有显示出对抑郁症的直接影响，而是通过外部羞耻和自我批评间接发挥作用。EMWS与自我批评的关系完全由外在羞耻介导，外在羞耻与抑郁的关系完全由自我批评介导。总之，个人看待自我和与自我相关的方式似乎会影响心理调整和精神病理学的发展。外部羞耻和自我批评充分调节了 EMWS 和抑郁症之间的关系这一事实强调了旨在促进更健康的与自我相关的预防和治疗方法的相关性。