The multiple functions of actin in apicomplexan parasites,Cellular Microbiology

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The multiple functions of actin in apicomplexan parasites
Cellular Microbiology ( IF 2.6 ) Pub Date : 2021-04-22 , DOI: 10.1111/cmi.13345
Sujaan Das ₁ , Johannes Felix Stortz ₂ , Markus Meissner ₁ , Javier Periz ₁

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The cytoskeletal protein actin is highly abundant and conserved in eukaryotic cells. It occurs in two different states- the globular (G-actin) form, which can polymerise into the filamentous (F-actin) form, fulfilling various critical functions including cytokinesis, cargo trafficking and cellular motility. In higher eukaryotes, there are several actin isoforms with nearly identical amino acid sequences. Despite the high level of amino acid identity, they display regulated expression patterns and unique non-redundant roles. The number of actin isoforms together with conserved sequences may reflect the selective pressure exerted by scores of actin binding proteins (ABPs) in higher eukaryotes. In contrast, in many protozoans such as apicomplexan parasites which possess only a few ABPs, the regulatory control of actin and its multiple functions are still obscure. Here, we provide a summary of the regulation and biological functions of actin in higher eukaryotes and compare it with the current knowledge in apicomplexans. We discuss future experiments that will help us understand the multiple, critical roles of this fascinating system in apicomplexans.

中文翻译：

肌动蛋白在顶复门寄生虫中的多种功能

细胞骨架蛋白肌动蛋白在真核细胞中非常丰富且保守。它以两种不同的状态出现——球状（G-肌动蛋白）形式，它可以聚合成丝状（F-肌动蛋白）形式，实现各种关键功能，包括胞质分裂、货物运输和细胞运动。在高等真核生物中，有几种肌动蛋白亚型具有几乎相同的氨基酸序列。尽管氨基酸同一性水平很高，但它们显示出受调节的表达模式和独特的非冗余作用。肌动蛋白同种型的数量以及保守序列可能反映了高等真核生物中大量肌动蛋白结合蛋白 (ABP) 施加的选择压力。相比之下，在许多原生动物中，例如仅具有少量 ABP 的顶复门寄生虫，肌动蛋白及其多重功能的调控仍不清楚。在这里，我们总结了肌动蛋白在高等真核生物中的调控和生物学功能，并将其与顶复门的现有知识进行了比较。我们讨论了未来的实验，这些实验将帮助我们理解这个迷人的系统在顶复门中的多重关键作用。

更新日期：2021-04-22

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