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Climate change can drive a significant loss of suitable habitat for Polylepis quadrijuga, a treeline species in the sky islands of the northern Andes
Frontiers in Ecology and Evolution ( IF 3 ) Pub Date : 2021-04-22 , DOI: 10.3389/fevo.2021.661550
Lina Caballero-Villalobos , Francisco Fajardo-Gutiérrez , Mariasole Calbi , Gustavo A. Silva-Arias

It is predicted that climate change will strongly affect plant distributions in high elevation “sky islands” of tropical Andes. Polylepis forests are a dominant element of the treeline throughout the Andes Cordillera in South America. However, little is known about the climatic factors underlying the current distribution of Polylepis trees and the possible effect of global climate change. The species Polylepis quadrijuga is endemic to the Colombian Eastern Cordillera, where it plays a fundamental ecological role in high-altitude páramo-forest ecotones. We sought to evaluate the potential distribution of P. quadrijuga under future climate change scenarios using ensemble modeling approaches. We conducted a comprehensive assessment of future climatic projections deriving from 12 different general circulation models (GCMs), four Representative Concentration Pathways (RCPs) emissions scenarios, and two different time frames (2041-2060 and 2061-2080). Additionally, based on the future projections, we evaluate the effectiveness of the National System of Protected Natural Areas of Colombia (SINAP) and Páramo Complexes of Colombia (PCC) in protecting P. quadrijuga woodlands. Here, we compiled a comprehensive set of observations of P. quadrijuga and study them in connection with climatic and topographic variables to identify environmental predictors of the species distribution, possible habitat differentiation throughout the geographic distribution of the species, and predict the effect of different climate change scenarios on the future distribution of P. quadrijuga. Our results support a dramatic loss of suitable habitat due to climate change on this key tropical Andean treeline species. The ensemble Habitat Suitability Modeling (HSM) shows distinct differences in suitable scores among north and south regions of the species distribution consistent with differences in topographic features throughout the available habitat of P. quadrijuga. Future projections of the HSM predicted the Páramo complex ‘Sumapaz-Cruz Verde’ as a major area for the long-term conservation of P. quadrijuga because it provides a wide range of suitable habitats for the different evaluated climate change scenarios. We provide the first set of priority areas to perform both in-situ and ex-situ conservation efforts based on suitable habitat projections.

中文翻译:

气候变化可能会严重破坏安第斯山脉北部天空岛屿上的树种Polylepis quadrijuga的合适栖息地。

据预测,气候变化将严重影响热带安第斯山脉高空“天空岛屿”中的植物分布。在整个南美洲的安第斯山脉中,波利普莱斯森林是林线中的主要元素。但是,人们对有关Polylepis树木当前分布的气候因素以及全球气候变化可能产生的影响知之甚少。Polylepis quadrijuga物种是哥伦比亚东部Cordillera的特有种,在高海拔的帕拉莫森林过渡带中,它在生态系统中起着根本性的作用。我们试图使用集合建模方法来评估未来气候变化情景下四面体的潜在分布。我们对来自12种不同的一般循环模式(GCM)的未来气候预测进行了全面评估,四种代表性浓度途径(RCP)排放情景,以及两个不同的时间范围(2041-2060和2061-2080)。此外,根据未来的预测,我们评估了哥伦比亚国家自然保护区系统(SINAP)和哥伦比亚帕拉莫复合体(PCC)在保护四面目林地方面的有效性。在这里,我们整理了一组对虾的综合观测资料,并将其与气候和地形变量结合起来进行研究,以识别物种分布的环境预测因子,物种整个地理分布中可能的生境分化以及预测不同气候的影响改变P. quadrijuga未来分布的情景。我们的结果支持了这种关键的热带安第斯林木物种由于气候变化而导致适当的栖息地急剧丧失。整体生境适应性模型(HSM)显示了物种分布的北部和南部区域之间在合适分数方面的明显差异,这与整个P. quadrijuga可用栖息地的地形特征差异是一致的。HSM的未来预测将Páramo复合体“ Sumapaz-Cruz Verde”预测为Quadrijuga长期保存的主要区域,因为它为不同的评估气候变化情景提供了广泛的适宜生境。我们提供了第一批优先领域,可以根据适当的栖息地预测进行原位和非原位保护工作。整体生境适应性模型(HSM)显示了物种分布的北部和南部区域之间在合适分数方面的明显差异,这与整个P. quadrijuga可用栖息地的地形特征差异是一致的。HSM的未来预测将Páramo复合体“ Sumapaz-Cruz Verde”预测为Quadrijuga长期保存的主要区域,因为它为不同的评估气候变化情景提供了广泛的适宜生境。我们提供了第一批优先领域,可以根据适当的栖息地预测进行原位和非原位保护工作。整体生境适应性模型(HSM)显示了物种分布的北部和南部区域之间在合适分数方面的明显差异,这与整个P. quadrijuga可用栖息地的地形特征差异是一致的。HSM的未来预测将Páramo复合体“ Sumapaz-Cruz Verde”预测为Quadrijuga长期保存的主要区域,因为它为不同的评估气候变化情景提供了广泛的适宜生境。我们提供了第一批优先领域,可以根据适当的栖息地预测进行原位和非原位保护工作。HSM的未来预测将Páramo复合体“ Sumapaz-Cruz Verde”预测为Quadrijuga长期保存的主要区域,因为它为不同的评估气候变化情景提供了广泛的适宜生境。我们提供了第一批优先领域,可以根据适当的栖息地预测进行原位和非原位保护工作。HSM的未来预测将Páramo复合体“ Sumapaz-Cruz Verde”预测为Quadrijuga长期保存的主要区域,因为它为不同的评估气候变化情景提供了广泛的适宜生境。我们提供了第一批优先领域,可以根据适当的栖息地预测进行原位和非原位保护工作。
更新日期:2021-04-22
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