Abstract

Many Western historians, cultural and literary critics have viewed travel and exploration as purely western. This total exclusion of Arabo-Islamic travel has been done to demonstrate the Western sense of modernity and cultural superiority over the constructed weak “other”. However, Moroccans, Arabs and Muslims in general have been curious about the lands of the Christians and managed to break the cultural and religious barriers by reaching such lands. In this paper¹ I examine the Moroccan presence in the lands of the Christians and mainly in France through analyzing the work of Ahmad Bin Qasim Al Hajari’s Nasir al-Din ala al-Qawm al Kafirin or (The Book of the protector of religion against the unbelievers) to dwell not only at the different instances of anger and wrath but also of love and respect towards the Christians and to demonstrate the way Arab and Muslim travelers remained different from their Christian counterparts in their discursive productions. I also question Occidentalism in Ahmad Bin Qasim Al Hajari’s narrative and assert that al-Azmeh’s vision to the systems of division as essentially part of human discourse is an exaggeration. So, while Westerners get fully entangled in the process of dehumanizing the Arab and Muslim “other”, Muslims produced an ambivalent discourse that sometimes revealed their anger but not hate towards the Christians.

摘要

许多西方历史学家、文化和文学评论家将旅行和探索视为纯粹的西方。这种完全排除阿拉伯伊斯兰旅行的做法是为了展示西方的现代感和文化优势，而不是被构建的弱“他者”。然而，摩洛哥人、阿拉伯人和穆斯林普遍对基督徒的土地感到好奇，并设法通过到达这些土地来打破文化和宗教障碍。在本文中^{1我通过分析 Ahmad Bin Qasim Al Hajari 的}Nasir al-Din ala al-Qawm al Kafirin的作品，考察了摩洛哥在基督徒土地上的存在，主要是在法国或（《宗教保护者反对不信者之书》）不仅详述了愤怒和愤怒的不同情况，还详述了对基督徒的爱和尊重，并展示了阿拉伯和穆斯林旅行者在他们的话语制作。我还质疑 Ahmad Bin Qasim Al Hajari 叙述中的西方主义，并断言 al-Azmeh 将分裂系统视为人类话语的基本组成部分的观点是夸大其词。因此，当西方人完全卷入非人化阿拉伯和穆斯林“他者”的过程中时，穆斯林产生了一种矛盾的话语，有时表达了他们对基督徒的愤怒，而不是仇恨。