Surface-related-multiple wavefields constitute redundant information in conventional migration and can often be difficult to attenuate. However, when used for migration, multiple wavefields can improve subsurface illumination. Unfortunately, the process of imaging using multiples involves the management of crosstalk, which largely restricts its application. Crosstalk causes phantom images formed by spurious correlation of unrelated events in a migration process. These events can be unrelated orders of multiples in the source and receiver wavefields; they can also be one event associated with a reflector in the source wavefield and another event generated by a different reflector in the receiver wavefield. We have first examined crosstalk by explicitly investigating its generation mechanisms in a migration process and classifying it into different categories based on causality. Following this analysis, crosstalk can be predicted in a migration process and subtracted in the image domain; however, this method is usually difficult to apply due to the complexity of wavefield separation and adaptive subtraction. Furthermore, we develop different algorithms to attenuate the crosstalk, including a deconvolution imaging condition, a least-squares migration (LSM) method, and an advanced algorithm combining LSM with a deconvolution imaging condition. We evaluate these different strategies with synthetic examples. A deconvolution imaging condition can attenuate some crosstalk, but it is less effective at suppressing strong coherent crosstalk events. However, the LSM method can fundamentally address the crosstalk issue, and this approach is further optimized when combined with a deconvolution imaging condition.

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解决使用地震多波场成像中的串扰问题

与表面有关的多个波场构成了常规迁移过程中的冗余信息，通常很难衰减。但是，当用于迁移时，多个波场可以改善地下照明。不幸的是，使用倍数成像的过程涉及串扰的管理，这在很大程度上限制了其应用。串扰会导致在迁移过程中由无关事件的虚假相关性形成的幻像图像。这些事件在源波场和接收器波场中可能是不相关的倍数阶；它们也可以是与源波场中的反射器关联的一个事件，也可以是由接收器波场中的不同反射器生成的另一事件。首先，我们通过在迁移过程中明确研究其串扰机制，并根据因果关系将其分类为不同类别，来研究串扰。经过这一分析，可以在迁移过程中预测串扰，并在图像域中将其减去。然而，由于波场分离和自适应减法的复杂性，这种方法通常难以应用。此外，我们开发了不同的算法来衰减串扰，包括反卷积成像条件，最小二乘迁移（LSM）方法以及将LSM与反卷积成像条件相结合的高级算法。我们通过综合示例评估这些不同的策略。去卷积成像条件可以减弱一些串扰，但是在抑制强相干串扰事件方面效果不佳。然而，