Novel brominated flame retardants (NBFRs), which have been developed as replacements for legacy flame retardants such as polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs), are a class of alternative flame retardants with emerging and widespread applications. The ubiquitous occurrence of NBFRs in the aquatic environments and the potential adverse effects on aquatic organisms have initiated intense global concerns. The present article, therefore, identifies and analyzes the current state of knowledge on the occurrence, bioaccumulation, fates, and environmental and health risks of NBFRs in aquatic environments. The key findings from this review are that (1) the distribution of NBFRs are source-dependent in the global aquatic environments, and several NBFRs have been reported at higher concentrations than that of the legacy flame retardants; (2) high bioaccumulative properties have been found for all of the discussed NBFRs due to their strong hydrophobic characteristics and weak metabolic rates; (3) the limited information available suggests that NBFRs are resistant to biotic and abiotic degradation processes and that sorption to sludge and sediments are the main fate of NBFRs in the aquatic environments; (4) the results of ecological risk assessments have indicated the potential risks of NBFRs and have suggested that source areas are the most vulnerable environmental compartments. Knowledge gaps and perspectives for future research regarding the monitoring, toxicokinetics, transformation processes, and development of ecological risk assessments of NBFRs in aquatic environments are proposed.

新型溴化阻燃剂（NBFR）已开发为替代传统阻燃剂，如多溴二苯醚（PBDEs），是一类新兴且广泛应用的阻燃剂。在水生环境中无处不在的NBFRs及其对水生生物的潜在不利影响引起了全球的强烈关注。因此，本文确定并分析了有关水生环境中NBFR的发生，生物蓄积，命运以及环境和健康风险的知识的现状。这次审查的主要发现是：（1）在全球水生环境中，NBFRs的分布取决于来源，并且据报导几种NBFRs的浓度高于传统阻燃剂的浓度；（2）由于它们的强疏水性和弱代谢率，已经发现所有讨论的NBFR具有高生物蓄积性；（3）现有的有限信息表明，NBFR对生物和非生物降解过程具有抵抗力，对污泥和沉积物的吸附是NBFR在水生环境中的主要命运；（4）生态风险评估的结果表明了NBFR的潜在风险，并表明源区是最脆弱的环境区室。提出了有关在水生环境中监测，毒代动力学，转化过程以及发展非生物碱燃料的生态风险评估的未来研究的知识差距和观点。