Abstract:

This article compares notions of progress and evolution in the social theories of Freud and Herbert Spencer, thus revising Freudian social theory and relocating it within a social-evolutionist tradition. It first argues that the two authors held similarly complex theories that contained mixed elements of positivism and teleology –in its positivist aspects, both authors made use of unified natural laws and, in its teleological aspects, they understood progress and the evolution of civilization along a linear path of progressive development. It is further examined how both authors made use of analogies between organisms and social aggregates–in Freud's case, he formulated a libidinal analogy between the stages of psychosexual development and the civilizatory stages. Finally, it is examined the ethical commitments to the individual that are consequences of such an understanding of the natural law.

摘要：

本文比较了弗洛伊德和赫伯特·斯宾塞的社会理论中的进步和进化观，从而修订了弗洛伊德的社会理论，并将其重新定位于社会进化论的传统之中。首先，他们认为两位作者持有类似的复杂理论，其中包含实证主义和目的论的混合要素。在实证主义方面，两位作者都利用统一的自然法则，并且在目的论方面，他们了解文明的进步和进化。逐步发展的线性路径。本书进一步研究了两位作者如何利用生物体与社会群体之间的类比-在弗洛伊德的案例中，他在性心理发展阶段与文明阶段之间建立了一个性欲的类比。最后，