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Distances to compositional equilibrium
Journal of Geochemical Exploration ( IF 3.4 ) Pub Date : 2021-04-22 , DOI: 10.1016/j.gexplo.2021.106793
Juan José Egozcue , Vera Pawlowsky-Glahn , Antonella Buccianti

Geochemical samples can be restricted to be on a locus in the sample space. When this occurs there is a chemical equilibrium of some kind. Typical examples are chemical equilibrium regulated by the mass action law or stoichiometry given by the structure of crystals. These equilibria can correspond to linear restrictions in the simplex, for which the restriction is on a linear manifold (hyperplane) or, more generally, restriction is on a general manifold (warped hypersurface). Exact equilibrium is seldom observed in geochemistry and so the focus is shifted to measuring distances or deviations from equilibrium. A linear equilibrium locus is defined by a constant logcontrast. When this logcontrast is evaluated on a sample, the difference between the equilibrium constant and the value obtained for each sample is a deviation from equilibrium. It is—in absolute values—the Aitchison distance to equilibrium. The non-linear case is more involved. Here, a linearization technique is proposed. It consists of adding terms to the composition so that the deviation or distance to the equilibrium locus reduces to the linear case. These techniques are illustrated with some examples: chemical reactions producing bicarbonate ions in water (linear), the weathering of microcline and the formation of kaolinite (non-linear), both concerning stream water composition at a European scale. Stoichiometric behaviour of olivines (non-linear) is also analyzed. Finally, a discussion on methods for discovering unknown equilibria in a sample is presented.



中文翻译:

到成分平衡的距离

可以将地球化学样品限制在样品空间中的某个位置。当这种情况发生时,就会存在某种化学平衡。典型的例子是由质量作用定律调节的化学平衡或由晶体结构给出的化学计量。这些平衡可对应于单纯形中的线性限制,对此,限制位于线性流形(超平面)上,或更一般而言,限制位于一般流形(翘曲的超曲面)上。在地球化学中很少观察到精确的平衡,因此重点转移到测量距离或偏离平衡的位置。线性平衡轨迹由对数常数定义。当在样品上评估此对数对比度时,平衡常数与每个样品获得的值之间的差就是与平衡的偏差。在绝对值上,它是指到平衡的Aitchison距离。非线性的情况更多。在此,提出了一种线性化技术。它包括在合成中添加项,以使到平衡轨迹的偏差或距离减小到线性情况。这些技术通过一些示例进行说明:在水中产生碳酸氢根离子的化学反应(线性),微线的风化作用和高岭石的形成(非线性),这两个方面都涉及欧洲范围内的溪流水成分。还分析了橄榄石的化学计量行为(非线性)。最后,对发现样本中未知平衡的方法进行了讨论。它包括在合成中添加项,以使到平衡轨迹的偏差或距离减小到线性情况。这些技术通过一些示例进行说明:在水中产生碳酸氢根离子的化学反应(线性),微线的风化作用和高岭石的形成(非线性),这两个方面都涉及欧洲范围内的溪流水成分。还分析了橄榄石的化学计量行为(非线性)。最后,对发现样本中未知平衡的方法进行了讨论。它包括在合成中添加项,以使到平衡轨迹的偏差或距离减小到线性情况。这些技术通过一些示例进行说明:在水中产生碳酸氢根离子的化学反应(线性),微线的风化作用和高岭石的形成(非线性),这两个方面都涉及欧洲范围内的溪流水成分。还分析了橄榄石的化学计量行为(非线性)。最后,对发现样本中未知平衡的方法进行了讨论。两者都涉及欧洲范围内的溪流水成分。还分析了橄榄石的化学计量行为(非线性)。最后,对发现样本中未知平衡的方法进行了讨论。两者都涉及欧洲范围内的溪流水成分。还分析了橄榄石的化学计量行为(非线性)。最后,对发现样本中未知平衡的方法进行了讨论。

更新日期:2021-04-23
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