In this work, established treatment processes for microplastics (MPs) and nanoplastics (NPs) in water as well as developed analytical techniques for evaluation of the operation of these processes were reviewed. In this regard, the strengths and limitations of different qualitative and quantitative techniques for the analysis of MPs and NPs in water treatment processes were first discussed. Afterward, the MPs and NPs treatment processes were categorized into the separation and degradation processes and the challenges and opportunities in their performance were analyzed. The evaluation of these processes revealed that the MPs or NPs removal efficiency of the separation and degradation processes could reach up to 99% and 90%, respectively. It can be concluded from this work that the combination of separation and degradation processes could be a promising approach to mineralize MPs and NPs in water with high efficiency.

在这项工作中，回顾了已建立的水中微塑料（MPs）和纳米塑料（NPs）处理工艺，以及用于评估这些工艺运行情况的已开发分析技术。在这方面，首先讨论了用于水处理过程中MP和NP分析的不同定性和定量技术的优势和局限性。随后，将MP和NP的处理过程归类为分离和降解过程，并分析了其性能方面的挑战和机遇。对这些过程的评估表明，分离和降解过程的MP或NP去除效率分别可以达到99％和90％。