Dense urban areas are especially hardly hit by the Covid-19 crisis due to the limited availability of public transport, one of the most efficient means of mass mobility. In light of the Covid-19 pandemic, public transport operators are experiencing steep declines in demand and fare revenues due to the perceived risk of infection within vehicles and other facilities. The purpose of this paper is to explore the possibilities of implementing social distancing in public transport in line with epidemiological advice. Social distancing requires effective demand management to keep vehicle occupancy rates under a predefined threshold, both spatially and temporally. We review the literature of five demand management methods enabled by new information and ticketing technologies: (i) inflow control with queueing, (ii) time and space dependent pricing, (iii) capacity reservation with advance booking, (iv) slot auctioning, and (v) tradeable travel permit schemes. Thus the paper collects the relevant literature into a single point of reference, and provides interpretation from the viewpoint of practical applicability during and after the pandemic.

由于公共交通的可用性有限，人口稠密的城市地区尤其难以受到 Covid-19 危机的打击，而公共交通是最有效的大众出行方式之一。鉴于 Covid-19 大流行，由于意识到车辆和其他设施内存在感染风险，公共交通运营商的需求和票价收入正在急剧下降。本文的目的是探讨根据流行病学建议在公共交通中实施社交距离的可能性。保持社交距离需要有效的需求管理，以在空间和时间上将车辆占用率保持在预定义的阈值以下。我们回顾了新信息和票务技术支持的五种需求管理方法的文献：（i）排队控制流入，（ii）时间和空间相关定价，(iii) 通过提前预订进行容量预留，(iv) 时段拍卖，以及 (v) 可交易旅行许可计划。因此，本文将相关文献收集为一个参考点，并从大流行期间和大流行之后的实际适用性的角度进行解释。