Nanomaterial adsorbents are highly favorable for heavy metal removal due to their large specific surface areas with enhanced active sites for contaminant adsorption. This paper focuses on nanomaterial adsorbents covering aspects like methods of synthesis, types of nanomaterials, kinetics, process optimization, modelling and simulation and column studies besides citing future challenges. It has been found that among various synthesis protocols, Chemical Vapor Deposition was most effective in giving desired attributes. Metallic composites and organic nanomaterials viz., nanocellulose, carbon nanotubes, graphene complexes, magnetite forms etc exhibited highest metal removal capacities of 1989 mg/g for Hg (II) 1641 mg/g for Cd (II) at optimal process conditions. Eco-friendly nanomaterial adsorbents, their properties and potential are also discussed in detail. This work also explores the performance of nanomaterials in fixed bed columns where it showed its capability to be used as an effective adsorbent in continuous adsorption mode.

纳米材料吸附剂因其大的比表面积和增强的污染物吸附活性位点而非常适合去除重金属。本文重点介绍了纳米材料吸附剂，除了列举了未来的挑战外，还涵盖了合成方法，纳米材料的类型，动力学，工艺优化，建模和模拟以及色谱柱研究等方面。已经发现，在各种合成方案中，化学气相沉积在赋予所需属性方面最有效。金属复合物和有机纳米材料，即纳米纤维素，碳纳米管，石墨烯络合物，磁铁矿形式等，在最佳工艺条件下，对Hg（II）的最高金属去除能力为1989 mg / g对Cd（II）的去除能力为1641 mg / g。环保的纳米材料吸附剂，还详细讨论了它们的特性和潜力。这项工作还探索了固定床色谱柱中纳米材料的性能，该性能表明了其在连续吸附模式下可用作有效吸附剂的能力。