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Intake Fractions for Volatile Organic Compounds in Two Occupied California Residences
Environmental Science & Technology Letters ( IF 8.9 ) Pub Date : 2021-04-22 , DOI: 10.1021/acs.estlett.1c00265
David M. Lunderberg 1, 2 , Yingjun Liu 2 , Pawel K. Misztal 2 , Caleb Arata 1, 2 , Yilin Tian 2, 3 , Kasper Kristensen 2 , William W Nazaroff 3 , Allen H. Goldstein 2, 3
Affiliation  

Experimental estimates of residential intake fractions for indoor volatile organic compound (VOC) releases are scarce. We evaluated individual intake fractions (iFi, mass inhaled by an individual per unit mass emitted) using approximately five months of time-resolved VOC measurements acquired at two residences. First, we directly estimated iFi using inert tracer gases that were released at fixed rates. Tracer gas iFi values were generally consistent between occupants and comparable across seasons. Furthermore, iFi for sources released on different floors of a residence were statistically indistinguishable, suggesting that source location within the living space was not strongly influential. Emissions from living space sources (iFi ∼ 0.3% = 3000 ppm) contributed to occupant exposures at rates 2–4 times higher than crawl space sources (iFi ∼ 1000 ppm) and greater than 40 times higher than attic sources (iFi < ∼70 ppm). Second, we indirectly estimated iFi for 251 VOCs using net emission rates estimated by indoor–outdoor material balance. Although emission patterns varied between compounds, all VOC-specific iFi estimates were clustered near the values of the living space tracer gases. These experimental observations substantiate the theoretical expectation that iFi values are largely independent of analyte characteristics, a useful simplification for exposure assessments.

中文翻译:

加利福尼亚两所住宅中挥发性有机化合物的摄入分数

缺乏用于室内挥发性有机化合物(VOC)释放的住宅进气分数的实验估计。我们使用在两个住所获得的大约五个月的时间分辨的VOC测量值,评估了个体的摄入分数(iF i,即个体所释放的单位质量气体吸入的质量)。首先,我们使用以固定速率释放的惰性示踪气体直接估算iF i。示踪气体的iF i值通常在乘员之间是一致的,并且在各个季节之间具有可比性。此外,在住宅的不同楼层上释放的源的iF i在统计上是无法区分的,这表明源在居住空间中的位置并没有很大的影响力。居住空间源的排放(iF〜0.3%= 3000ppm的)的速率有助于乘员曝光高2-4倍,比抓取空间来源(如果〜1000 ppm)的和大于阁楼来源大于40倍(如果<约70 ppm)表示。其次,我们使用室内外物料平衡估算的净排放率间接估算了251个VOC的iF i。尽管化合物之间的排放模式有所不同,但所有VOC特定的iF i估算值都集中在生活空间示踪气体的值附近。这些实验观察证实了理论上的期望,即iF i值在很大程度上与分析物的特性无关,这是对暴露评估的一种有用的简化方法。
更新日期:2021-05-11
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