Intake Fractions for Volatile Organic Compounds in Two Occupied California Residences,Environmental Science & Technology Letters

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Intake Fractions for Volatile Organic Compounds in Two Occupied California Residences
Environmental Science & Technology Letters ( IF 8.9 ) Pub Date : 2021-04-22 , DOI: 10.1021/acs.estlett.1c00265
David M. Lunderberg _{1,

2} , Yingjun Liu ₂ , Pawel K. Misztal ₂ , Caleb Arata _{1,

2} , Yilin Tian _{2,

3} , Kasper Kristensen ₂ , William W Nazaroff ₃ , Allen H. Goldstein _{2,

3}

Affiliation

Experimental estimates of residential intake fractions for indoor volatile organic compound (VOC) releases are scarce. We evaluated individual intake fractions (iF_i, mass inhaled by an individual per unit mass emitted) using approximately five months of time-resolved VOC measurements acquired at two residences. First, we directly estimated iF_i using inert tracer gases that were released at fixed rates. Tracer gas iF_i values were generally consistent between occupants and comparable across seasons. Furthermore, iF_i for sources released on different floors of a residence were statistically indistinguishable, suggesting that source location within the living space was not strongly influential. Emissions from living space sources (iF_i ∼ 0.3% = 3000 ppm) contributed to occupant exposures at rates 2–4 times higher than crawl space sources (iF_i ∼ 1000 ppm) and greater than 40 times higher than attic sources (iF_i < ∼70 ppm). Second, we indirectly estimated iF_i for 251 VOCs using net emission rates estimated by indoor–outdoor material balance. Although emission patterns varied between compounds, all VOC-specific iF_i estimates were clustered near the values of the living space tracer gases. These experimental observations substantiate the theoretical expectation that iF_i values are largely independent of analyte characteristics, a useful simplification for exposure assessments.

中文翻译：

加利福尼亚两所住宅中挥发性有机化合物的摄入分数

缺乏用于室内挥发性有机化合物（VOC）释放的住宅进气分数的实验估计。我们使用在两个住所获得的大约五个月的时间分辨的VOC测量值，评估了个体的摄入分数（iF _i，即个体所释放的单位质量气体吸入的质量）。首先，我们使用以固定速率释放的惰性示踪气体直接估算iF _i。示踪气体的iF _i值通常在乘员之间是一致的，并且在各个季节之间具有可比性。此外，在住宅的不同楼层上释放的源的iF _i在统计上是无法区分的，这表明源在居住空间中的位置并没有很大的影响力。居住空间源的排放（iF_我〜0.3％= 3000ppm的）的速率有助于乘员曝光高2-4倍，比抓取空间来源（如果_我〜1000 ppm）的和大于阁楼来源大于40倍（如果_我<约70 ppm）表示。其次，我们使用室内外物料平衡估算的净排放率间接估算了251个VOC的iF _i。尽管化合物之间的排放模式有所不同，但所有VOC特定的iF _i估算值都集中在生活空间示踪气体的值附近。这些实验观察证实了理论上的期望，即iF _i值在很大程度上与分析物的特性无关，这是对暴露评估的一种有用的简化方法。

更新日期：2021-05-11

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