ABSTRACT

The massive use of inputs is often applied in common bean for nitrogen (N) supply, better plant development, and to prevent plant disease. Instead, the co-inoculation of Rhizobium, Azospirillum and Trichoderma may play the same role; however, its effects are unknown in common bean. This work aimed to evaluate the effects of co-inoculating three microorganisms on the development, nodulation and grain yield (GY) of a common bean. The experiments were carried out on a randomized block design with four replicates. The treatments were NI: not inoculated; Rt: inoculated with Rhizobium tropici; Rt+Ab: inoculated with Rt and Azospirillum brasilense; Rt+Ab+Ta: inoculated with Rt, Ab and Trichoderma asperellum; Nf120: 120 kg ha⁻¹ of N. In the inoculated treatments, the seeds were treated with Rt inoculant and with Ta inoculant before sowing, using a dose of 10 g of each inoculant kg⁻¹ of seed. The inoculant containing the Ab was sprayed out in a dose of 300 mL ha⁻¹ at the V2/V3 phenological stage. Evaluations were performed for the number of nodules (NN), nodule dry weight (NDW), root dry weight (RDW), shoot dry weight (SDW), pod number (PN), grain number (GN) and GY. NN and NDW were higher in NI and Rt treatments. The Rt+Ab treatment resulted in higher SDW, whereas the same treatment and Rt+Ab+Ta provided higher RDW and SDW, resulting in values similar to those of the Nf120 treatment. Innoculation with rhizobia (Rt) provided PN and GN equivalent to those of the Nf120 treatment. The inoculation (Rt) and co-iconulation (Rt+Ab) resulted on GY of 2946.27 and 2892.42 kg ha⁻¹, respectively, surpassing the Nf120 treatment, which was 2741.91 kg ha⁻¹. These results indicate that Rt inoculation and Rt+Ab co-inoculation can be alternatives to the substitution of nitrogen fertilizers, guaranteeing high GY levels in common bean.

摘要

大量使用投入物通常用于普通豆类，用于氮 (N) 供应、更好的植物发育和预防植物病害。相反，根瘤菌、固氮螺菌和木霉的共同接种可能起到相同的作用；然而，它的作用在普通豆中是未知的。这项工作旨在评估共同接种三种微生物对普通豆类的发育、结瘤和籽粒产量 (GY) 的影响。实验采用随机区组设计，重复四次。处理为 NI：未接种；Rt：接种热带根瘤菌；Rt+Ab：接种Rt和巴西固螺菌；Rt+Ab+Ta：接种 Rt、Ab 和Trichoderma asperellum; Nf120：120 kg ha ^-1的N。在接种处理中，种子在播种前用Rt 接种剂和Ta 接种剂处理，使用10 g 每种接种剂kg ^-1种子的剂量。含有 Ab 的接种剂以 300 mL ha ^-1的剂量喷出在 V2/V3 物候阶段。对根瘤数 (NN)、根瘤干重 (NDW)、根干重 (RDW)、地上部干重 (SDW)、豆荚数 (PN)、籽粒数 (GN) 和 GY 进行了评估。NI 和 Rt 处理的 NN 和 NDW 较高。Rt+Ab 处理导致更高的 SDW，而相同的处理和 Rt+Ab+Ta 提供更高的 RDW 和 SDW，导致值类似于 Nf120 处理的值。接种根瘤菌 (Rt) 提供了与 Nf120 处理相同的 PN 和 GN。接种 (Rt) 和共接种 (Rt+Ab) 的 GY 分别为 2946.27 和 2892.42 kg ha ^-1，超过了 Nf120 处理的 2741.91 kg ha ^-1. 这些结果表明，Rt接种和Rt+Ab共接种可以替代氮肥，保证普通豆的高GY水平。