Intrauterine growth restriction is a condition that prevents normal fetal development, and previous studies have reported that intrauterine growth restriction is caused by adverse intrauterine factors. This condition affects both short- and long-term neurodevelopmental disorders. Studies have revealed that neurodevelopmental disorders can contribute to gray and white matter damage and decrease the brain volume of affected individuals. Further, these disorders are associated with increased risks of mental retardation, cognitive impairment, and cerebral palsy, which seriously affect the quality of life. Although the mechanisms underlying the neurologic injury associated with intrauterine growth restriction are not completely clear, studies have revealed that neuronal apoptosis, neuroinflammation, oxidative stress, excitatory toxicity, disruption of blood-brain barrier, and epigenetics may be involved in this process. This article reviews the manifestations and possible mechanisms underlying neurologic injury in intrauterine growth restriction and provides a theoretical basis for the effective prevention and treatment of this condition.

宫内生长受限是阻碍胎儿正常发育的一种情况，以往的研究报道宫内生长受限是由不利的宫内因素引起的。这种情况会影响短期和长期的神经发育障碍。研究表明，神经发育障碍会导致灰质和白质损伤，并减少受影响个体的脑容量。此外，这些疾病与智力迟钝、认知障碍和脑瘫的风险增加有关，严重影响生活质量。尽管与宫内生长受限相关的神经损伤的机制尚不完全清楚，但研究表明，神经元凋亡、神经炎症、氧化应激、兴奋性毒性、血脑屏障的破坏和表观遗传学可能参与了这一过程。本文就宫内生长受限引起的神经损伤的表现及可能机制进行综述，为有效防治该病提供理论依据。